Decreased anterograde transport coupled with sustained retrograde transport contributes to reduced axonal mitochondrial density in tauopathy neurons.

Mitochondria are essential organelle required for neuronal homeostasis. Mitochondria supply ATP and buffer calcium at synaptic terminals. However, the complex structural geometry of neurons poses a unique challenge in transporting mitochondria to synaptic terminals.

Aging reduces kisspeptin receptor (GPR54) expression levels in the hypothalamus and extra-hypothalamic brain regions.

Aging leads to the diminished pulsatile secretion of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Kisspeptin (Kp), the upstream regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, regulates GnRH synthesis and release through its cognate receptor, G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54). In turn, GnRH regulates GPR54 expression.

Mitigation of Covid-19 infection in substance use disorder residential settings.

Managing infection control of the Corona virus disease (Covid-19) could be very challenging for substance use disorder (SUD) residential treatment programs. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is providing guidelines for the public on how to reduce the risk of contracting Covid-19. The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) provided specific guidelines to assist clinicians in the mitigation of Covid-19 infection in residential SUD facilities.

Mitochondrial Import of Dengue Virus NS3 Protease and Cleavage of GrpEL1, a Cochaperone of Mitochondrial Hsp70.

Dengue virus infections, which have been reported in nearly 140 countries, pose a significant threat to human health. The genome of dengue virus encodes three structural and seven nonstructural (NS) proteins along with two untranslated regions, one each on both ends. Among them, dengue protease (NS3) plays a pivotal role in polyprotein processing and virus multiplication.

Rotenone-induced reactive oxygen species signal the recruitment of STAT3 to mitochondria.

STAT3, a transcription factor involved in various physiological and pathological processes, is also present in mitochondria. Mitochondrial STAT3 regulates complex I activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, yet the mechanisms governing its translocation to mitochondria remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that rotenone-induced ROS triggers the Ser727 phosphorylation of STAT3 and its increased mitochondrial localisation.

Nuclear Transcription Factors in the Mitochondria: A New Paradigm in Fine-Tuning Mitochondrial Metabolism.

Noncanonical functions of several nuclear transcription factors in the mitochondria have been gaining exceptional traction over the years. These transcription factors include nuclear hormone receptors like estrogen, glucocorticoid, and thyroid hormone receptors: p53, IRF3, STAT3, STAT5, CREB, NF-kB, and MEF-2D. Mitochondria-localized nuclear transcription factors regulate mitochondrial processes like apoptosis, respiration and mitochondrial transcription albeit being nuclear in origin and having nuclear functions.

The import of the transcription factor STAT3 into mitochondria depends on GRIM-19, a component of the electron transport chain.

The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a nuclear transcription factor, is also present in mitochondria and regulates cellular respiration in a transcriptional-independent manner. The mechanism of STAT3 import into mitochondria remains obscure. In this report we show that mitochondrial-localized STAT3 resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Appropriateness use criteria for transthoracic echocardiography: relationship with radiology benefit managers preauthorization determination and comparison of the new (2010) criteria to the original (2007) criteria.

Background: In response to growth in cardiac imaging, medical societies have published appropriateness use criteria (AUC) and payers have introduced preauthorization mandates, largely through radiology benefits managers (RBM). The correlation of algorithms used to determine preauthorization with the AUC is unknown. In addition, studies applying the 2007 AUC for transthoracic echocardiography revealed that many echocardiograms could not be classified.

Adherence to appropriateness criteria for transthoracic echocardiography: comparisons between a regional department of Veterans Affairs health care system and academic practice and between physicians and mid-level providers.

We compared adherence to appropriateness criteria for transthoracic echocardiography in a Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC) and an academic practice and, within the VAMC, between physicians and mid-level providers. We reviewed 201 outpatient echocardiograms performed in the laboratory of an academic practice and 424 outpatient and inpatient studies performed at a VAMC. Echocardiographic examinations requested for indications addressed in the criteria were considered classified, and those for indications not addressed were considered unclassified.