Global incidence and mortality of childhood leukemia and its relationship with the Human Development Index.

Background: Childhood leukemia (CL) is a major global concern, accounting for 33% of all new cancer cases and 31% of all cancer deaths in children aged 0-14 years. Our study aimed to analyze the global incidence and mortality rates of CL in 2020 and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI).

Material And Methods: In this ecologic study, we analyzed the 2020 cancer incidence and mortality data for children aged 0-14 years from the GLOBOCAN Project.

Incorporation of immunotherapies and nanomedicine to better normalize angiogenesis-based cancer treatment.

Neoadjuvant targeting of tumor angiogenesis has been developed and approved for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, vascular disruption leads to tumor hypoxia, which exacerbates the treatment process and causes drug resistance. In addition, successful delivery of therapeutic agents and efficacy of radiotherapy require normal vascular networks and sufficient oxygen, which complete tumor vasculopathy hinders their efficacy.

Orchiopexy: one procedure, two diagnoses - different male infertility outcomes.

Infertility, affecting one in six couples, is often related to the male partner's congenital and/or environmental conditions or complications postsurgery. This retrospective study examines the link between orchiopexy for undescended testicles (UDT) and testicular torsion (TT) in childhood and adult fertility as assessed through sperm analysis. The study involved the analysis of semen samples from 7743 patients collected at Soroka University Medical Center (Beer Sheva, Israel) between January 2009 and December 2017.

Hiatal Hernia Repair: Can We Predict the Need for Mesh?

The use of mesh for paraesophageal hernia repair is controversial due to concerns about long-term complications. This study aimed to investigate whether preoperative imaging characteristics of diaphragmatic hernia could predict the need for mesh repair. The records of all patients who underwent laparoscopic diaphragmatic hernia repair between September 2015 and September 2022 were reviewed.

In Vitro Characteristics of Canine Primary Tracheal Epithelial Cells Maintained at an Air-Liquid Interface Compared to In Vivo Morphology.

Culturing respiratory epithelial cells at an air-liquid interface (ALI) represents an established method for studies on infection or toxicology by the generation of an in vivo-like respiratory tract epithelial cellular layer. Although primary respiratory cells from a variety of animals have been cultured, an in-depth characterization of canine tracheal ALI cultures is lacking despite the fact that canines are a highly relevant animal species susceptible to various respiratory agents, including zoonotic pathogens such as severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, canine primary tracheal epithelial cells were cultured under ALI conditions for four weeks, and their development was characterized during the entire culture period.

Investigations on SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility of Domestic and Wild Animals Using Primary Cell Culture Models Derived from the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract.

Several animal species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, as documented by case reports and serological and in vivo infection studies. However, the susceptibility of many animal species remains unknown. Furthermore, the expression patterns of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors, such as the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as well as transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2) and cathepsin L (CTSL), cellular proteases involved in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein activation, are largely unexplored in most species.

Alternatives to animal models and their application in the discovery of species susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infectious pathogens: A review.

The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inspired rapid research efforts targeting the host range, pathogenesis and transmission mechanisms, and the development of antiviral strategies. Genetically modified mice, rhesus macaques, ferrets, and Syrian golden hamsters have been frequently used in studies of pathogenesis and efficacy of antiviral compounds and vaccines. However, alternatives to in vivo experiments, such as immortalized cell lines, primary respiratory epithelial cells cultured at an air-liquid interface, stem/progenitor cell-derived organoids, or tissue explants, have also been used for isolation of SARS-CoV-2, investigation of cytopathic effects, and pathogen-host interactions.

The Upper Respiratory Tract of Felids Is Highly Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Natural or experimental infection of domestic cats and virus transmission from humans to captive predatory cats suggest that felids are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is unclear which cells and compartments of the respiratory tract are infected. To address this question, primary cell cultures derived from the nose, trachea, and lungs of cat and lion were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2.

Beyond immunotherapy: new approaches for disease modifying treatments for early Alzheimer's disease.

Current pharmacological recommendations for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include the cholinesterase inhibitors and the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, memantine. However, these medications only manage symptoms of AD, and do not target Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. As such, there is a need to develop effective and safe disease modifying treatments that directly target AD pathology and alter the course of AD progression.

Manipulation detection and preference alterations in a choice blindness paradigm.

Objectives: It is commonly believed that individuals make choices based upon their preferences and have access to the reasons for their choices. Recent studies in several areas suggest that this is not always the case. In choice blindness paradigms, two-alternative forced-choice in which chosen-options are later replaced by the unselected option, individuals often fail to notice replacement of their chosen option, confabulate explanations for why they chose the unselected option, and even show increased preferences for the unselected-but-replaced options immediately after choice (seconds).

Cationized dextran nanoparticle-encapsulated CXCR4-siRNA enhanced correlation between CXCR4 expression and serum alkaline phosphatase in a mouse model of colorectal cancer.

Purpose: The failure of colorectal cancer treatments is partly due to overexpression of CXCR4 by tumor cells, which plays a critical role in cell metastasis. Moreover, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels are frequently elevated in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. A polysaccharide, dextran, was chosen as the vector of siRNA.

[Certain mechanisms of development of types of body tolerance to acute hypobaric hypoxia].

The regulatory mechanisms of individual rat resistance to acute hypobaric hypoxia were studied using the functional indices of the central nervous system (neurochemical and behavioral) and the hematopoietic system. The resistance to hypoxia was evaluated by the time of attitudinal reflex maintenance and recovery after decompression to a simulated altitude of 11200 m. Animals with different types of tolerance to hypoxia demonstrated different metabolic backgrounds of neurochemical processes (which were most balanced in moderately resistant rats).

[The sexual peculiarities of organism resistance types to the acute hypobaric hypoxia repeated influences].

The experimental investigation of the differences of the rats males and females reactions individual peculiarities to the acute hypobaric hypoxia repeated influences carried out. The time of the pose reflex preservation and restoration and the hypobaric hypothermia value during the lifting to 11,200 m "altitude" used for the resistance to hypoxia criterions. In experiments was showed that the males some more reactivity than females.

Immunofluorescence test for sensitive detection of varicella-zoster virus-specific IgG: an alternative to fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test.

A highly sensitive indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) has been developed on the basis of varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-infected human lung carcinoma (A549) cells and evaluated for the determination of immunity to VZV. Different serum panels with negative, low, moderate or high anti-VZV IgG levels detected by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) assay were investigated. As a result, the sensitivity and the specificity of IFAT were 100% compared to FAMA test.

[Delayed effects of ionizing radiation on the skin as a function of dose].

The article contains analysis of experimental and clinical data on delayed effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on the skin which in the row with the bone marrow, lens and other radiosensitive organs and critical tissues is one of the criteria of radiation risk for cosmonauts. According to the existing standard, maximal dose to the skin over the career may not exceed 1200 cSy. However, facts presented in the article testify the necessity to reform the standard since there is high probability of pathology including malignant tumor in delayed period after exposure to 1200 cSy.

Seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus in the German population.

The present study was conducted to generate data on the epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections in Germany as a basis for health economic evaluations of varicella vaccination strategies. The survey was designed as a cross-sectional, age-stratified study of the VZV seroprevalence in the German population. The status of immunity of 4602 individuals a aged 0 to >70 years was investigated by means of an indirect enzyme immunoassay and the fluorescent antibody to membrane assay.

Clinical, radiologic, demographic, and occupational aspects of hand osteoarthritis in the elderly.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand is common in elderly patients. The aim of this study was to characterize OA frequency, severity, and distribution and to trace interrelationships between these findings and the demographic, occupational, and medical data from elderly Jewish nonrheumatologic patients.

Methods: Study participants were 253 consecutive patients admitted to a geriatric center for a variety of nonrheumatic medical conditions.

Serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection by novel ELISAs based on recombinant capsid antigens p23 and p18.

A new pair of Epstein-Barr virus ELISAs (Biotest Anti-EBV VCA IgG and VCA IgM ELISA) was evaluated for usefulness for routine diagnosis of acute EBV infections. The ELISAs are based on two viral capsid antigens (VCA), p23 (BLRF2, full-length) and p18 (BFRF3, carboxy-half), that are combined by autologous gene fusion. In total, 179 sera were tested in direct comparison with classical VCA immunofluorescence assays (IFA).

Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in selected German populations-relevance for the incidence of genital herpes.

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) in selected German populations, such as blood donors, hospital patients, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive individuals. Serum samples collected between 1996 and 1998 were tested by enzyme immunoassays using monoclonal antibody-selected native gG1 and gG2 as antigens and an immunoblot using type-specific recombinant glycoproteins. Equivocal results were resolved by an "in-house" Western blot assay.

[State of cardiovascular system in immediate and delayed periods following exposure of organism to ionizing radiation].

Data on the progress of radiation damages and the character of shifts in the cardiovascular functioning following exposure to ionizing radiation as a function of dose were analyzed. Reviewed were experimental and clinical material, and records of periodic medical examinations of persons who had worked long with sources of ionizing radiation. A plausible character of deviations in health and working ability of cosmonauts in flight and at the end of career due to cardiovascular disorders is described.

[Characteristic of organism reactivity during repeated hypoxic exposures of rats varying in resistance to ionizing radiation].

Wistar rats were used in the experiment on correlation of radiation sensitivity of the organism with tolerance of repeated acute hypoxia. Experimental rats (n = 100) were numbered and "raised" to 11,200 m thrice before exposure to 8.0 Gy with a dose rate of 3.

[Evaluation of individual radiation resistance of rats based on reactions to non-radiation testing].

Presented are the data on radiation sensitivity of various groups of animals preliminary differentiated by their tolerance of acute hypoxia. The processes of blood forming system impairment and reparation are detailed. As was shown, highly resistant to hypoxia rats are distinguished by the best radiation resistance.