Decision Considerations and Strategies for Lip Surgery in Patients with Cleft lip/Palate: A Qualitative Study.

Objective: To qualitatively assess surgeons' decision making for lip surgery in patients with cleft lip/palate (CL/P).

Design: Prospective, non-randomized, clinical trial.

Setting: Clinical data institutional laboratory setting.

Decision Considerations and Strategies for Lip Surgery in Patients with Cleft lip/Palate: A Qualitative Study.

Objective: To qualitatively assess surgeons decision making for lip surgery in patients with cleft lip/palate (CL/P).

Design: Prospective, non-randomized, clinical trial.

Setting: Clinical data institutional laboratory setting.

Personalised psychotherapy in primary care: evaluation of data-driven treatment allocation to cognitive-behavioural therapy versus counselling for depression.

Background: Various effective psychotherapies exist for the treatment of depression; however, only approximately half of patients recover after treatment. In efforts to improve clinical outcomes, research has focused on personalised psychotherapy - an attempt to match patients to treatments they are most likely to respond to.

Aim: The present research aimed to evaluate the benefit of a data-driven model to support clinical decision-making in differential treatment allocation to cognitive-behavioural therapy versus counselling for depression.

Relationship between change in social evaluation learning and mood in early antidepressant treatment: A prospective cohort study in primary care.

Background: Antidepressants are proposed to work by increasing sensitivity to positive versus negative information. Increasing positive affective learning within social contexts may help remediate negative self-schema. We investigated the association between change in biased learning of social evaluations about the self and others, and mood during early antidepressant treatment.

Challenges in realising the potential of wastewater-based epidemiology to quantitatively monitor and predict the spread of disease.

Researchers around the world have demonstrated correlations between measurements of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater (WW) and case rates of COVID-19 derived from direct testing of individuals. This has raised concerns that wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) methods might be used to quantify the spread of this and other diseases, perhaps faster than direct testing, and with less expense and intrusion. We illustrate, using data from Scotland and the USA, the issues regarding the construction of effective predictive models for disease case rates.

Trajectories of depression and generalised anxiety symptoms over the course of cognitive behaviour therapy in primary care: an observational, retrospective cohort.

Background: Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for depression and anxiety. However, most research has focused on the sum scores of symptoms. Relatively little is known about how individual symptoms respond.

Wastewater-based epidemiology in hazard forecasting and early-warning systems for global health risks.

With the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) has been applied to track community infection in cities worldwide and has proven succesful as an early warning system for identification of hotspots and changingprevalence of infections (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) at a city or sub-city level. Wastewater is only one of environmental compartments that requires consideration. In this manuscript, we have critically evaluated the knowledge-base and preparedness for building early warning systems in a rapidly urbanising world, with particular attention to Africa, which experiences rapid population growth and urbanisation.

The early impact of COVID-19 on primary care psychological therapy services: A descriptive time series of electronic healthcare records.

Background: There are growing concerns about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. With government-imposed restrictions as well as a general burden on healthcare systems, the pandemic has the potential to disrupt the access to, and delivery of, mental healthcare.

Methods: Electronic healthcare records from primary care psychological therapy services (Improving Access to Psychological Therapy) in England were used to examine changes in access to mental health services and service delivery during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effective dose 50 method as the minimal clinically important difference: Evidence from depression trials.

Objective: Previous research on the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for depression and anxiety is based on population averages. The present study aimed to identify the MCID across the spectrum of baseline severity.

Study Design And Settings: The present analysis used secondary data from 2 randomized controlled trials for depression (n = 1,122) to calibrate the Global Rating of Change with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7.

Nasolabial fold dynamics: Implications for facial paralysis and facial reanimation surgery.

Objectives: In patients with facial paralysis, facial reanimation surgery may be needed to normalize facial soft tissue function/movements. Critical for this normalization is the dynamics of the nasolabial folds (NLFs). The objective of this prospective, observational study was to determine the 3D morphologic dynamics of the NLFs in patients with unilateral facial palsy and normal subjects.

Facial mobility and recovery in patients with unilateral facial paralysis.

Objective: (a) To quantify longitudinal 3D changes in facial soft tissue movements in adults with unilateral facial paralysis, and (b) to compare the patients' movements with an age- and sex-frequency matched control group.

Settings And Sample Population: Prospective 3D facial movement data of 36 patients and 68 control participants. Patients' data were collected within 6 weeks of onset of symptoms (baseline) and then at 3 and 12 weeks after baseline.

Facial Soft-tissue Mobility: Baseline Dynamics of Patients with Unilateral Facial Paralysis.

Background: The aims of this observational study were 2-fold: (1) To demonstrate a method and measures to quantify impaired facial soft-tissue movements in patients with facial paralysis; and (2) To quantify the differences in magnitude and velocity of facial soft-tissue movements between patients with facial paralysis and control participants.

Methods: The study sample that addressed both aims consisted of 20 adults with acute, unilateral, flaccid facial paralysis who presented at the onset of their paralysis, and a control group of 20 healthy adults. Dynamic 3D facial movement data were collected from each participant during 11 facial animations.

Quantifying Soft Tissue Shape and Symmetry: Patients with Cleft Lip/Palate and Facial Paralysis.

Background: The objective of this study was to demonstrate simple three-dimensional analyses of facial soft tissue shape and asymmetry.

Methods: There were 2 study samples: one retrospective comprised patients with repaired cleft lip and palate (CL/P) and control subjects; and the other prospective comprised patients with unilateral facial paralysis (FP) and control subjects. The data collected were digitized three-dimensional facial landmarks.

Modelling a response as a function of high-frequency count data: The association between physical activity and fat mass.

Accelerometers are widely used in health sciences, ecology and other application areas. They quantify the intensity of physical activity as counts per epoch over a given period of time. Currently, health scientists use very lossy summaries of the accelerometer time series, some of which are based on coarse discretisation of activity levels, and make certain implicit assumptions, including linear or constant effects of physical activity.

Influence of objective three-dimensional measures and movement images on surgeon treatment planning for lip revision surgery.

Objective : To determine whether a systematic evaluation of facial soft tissues of patients with cleft lip and palate, using facial video images and objective three-dimensional measurements of movement, change surgeons' treatment plans for lip revision surgery. Design : Prospective longitudinal study. Setting : The University of North Carolina School of Dentistry.

Modelling fat mass as a function of weekly physical activity profiles measured by actigraph accelerometers.

We show results on the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) using a new approach for modelling the relationship between health outcomes and physical activity assessed by accelerometers. The key feature of the model is that it uses the histogram of physical activity counts as a predictor function, rather than scalar summary measures such as average daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Three models are fitted: (1a) A regression of fat mass at age 12 (N = 4164) onto the histogram of accelerometer counts at age 12; (1b) A regression of fat mass at age 14 (N = 2403) onto the histogram of accelerometer counts at age 12 and (1c) a regression of fat mass at age 14 (N = 2413) onto the accelerometer counts at age 14.

Facial soft tissue dynamics before and after primary lip repair.

Objectives :  (1) To collect three-dimensional, dynamic facial images from two groups of infants: one group born with cleft lip and palate slated to have a primary lip repair and a second, age-matched, noncleft control group. (2) To develop analyses to determine differences in facial movement between infants with cleft lip with or without palate (CL±P) and noncleft control infants and to determine changes in facial movement before and after primary lip repair. Design :  Longitudinal, prospective case-control study.

Shape change along geodesics with application to cleft lip surgery.

Continuous shape change is represented as curves in the shape space. A method for checking the closeness of these curves to a geodesic is presented. Three large databases of short human motions are considered and shown to be well approximated by geodesics.

Effects of lip revision surgery in cleft lip/palate patients.

The decision for lip revision surgery in patients with repaired cleft lip/palate is based on surgeons' subjective evaluation of lip disability. An objective evaluation would be highly beneficial for the assessment of surgical outcomes. In this study, the effects of lip revision on circumoral movements were objectively quantified.

Functional outcomes of cleft lip surgery. Part III: Measurement of lip forces.

Objective: To investigate lip force dynamics among participants with a repaired cleft of the lip and noncleft control participants.

Design: A parallel, three-group, nonrandomized clinical trial.

Subjects: Forty-eight participants with cleft lip and 36 noncleft participants.

Functional outcomes of cleft lip surgery. Part II: Quantification of nasolabial movement.

Objective: To explore nasolabial movements in participants with repaired cleft lip and palate.

Design: A parallel, three-group, nonrandomized clinical trial.

Subjects: Group 1=31 participants with a cleft lip slated for revision surgery (revision), group 2=32 participants with a cleft lip who did not have surgery (nonrevision), and group 3=37 noncleft control participants.

Functional outcomes of cleft lip surgery. Part I: Study design and surgeon ratings of lip disability and need for lip revision.

Objective: Children with a cleft of the upper lip exhibit obvious facial disfigurement. Many require multiple lip surgeries for an optimal esthetic result. However, because the decision for lip revision is based on subjective clinical criteria, clinicians may disagree on whether these surgeries should be performed.

A computer algorithm for representing spatial-temporal structure of human motion and a motion generalization method.

Inspired by the generalized motor program (GMP) theory, this study presents a symbolic motion structure representation (SMSR) algorithm that identifies a basic spatial-temporal structure of a human motion. The algorithm resolves each joint angle-time trajectory of a multi-joint motion into a sequence of elemental motion segments and labels each motion segment with a symbol representing its shape ("U": monotonically increasing; "D": monotonically decreasing; "S": stationary). By concatenating symbols according to their order in time, the spatial-temporal structure of a joint angle-time trajectory is represented as a symbolic string.

Visual and statistical modeling of facial movement in patients with cleft lip and palate.

Objective: To analyze and display facial movement data from noncleft subjects and from patients with cleft lip and palate by using a new dynamic approach. The hypothesis was that there are differences in facial movement between the patients with cleft lip and palate and the noncleft subjects.

Setting: Subjects were recruited from the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry Orthodontic and Craniofacial Clinics.

Modeling facial movement: II. A dynamic analysis of differences caused by orthognathic surgery.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the facial movement characteristics of patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. The specific aims were to determine the presurgery versus postsurgery differences in facial movements; to determine whether the presurgery facial movements were similar among patients with different dentofacial deformities; and to determine whether patients have a more similar post- than presurgery dentofacial morphology and soft tissue movement. The hypothesis was that there are differences between the pre- and postsurgery facial movements.