Micronutrient Biosynthesis Potential of Spontaneous Grain Fermentation Microbiomes.

Fermented foods play an important role in the human diet and particularly so in under-resourced environments where cold preservation is not attainable due to irregular supply of electricity. Fermented foods are reported to support gut health by contributing probiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity and metabolic potential of spontaneous millet fermentation.

Phosphorus removal from aqueous solution using modified walnut and almond wooden shell and recycling as soil amendment.

Modified walnut wooden shell (MWWS) and almond wooden shell (MAWS) as novel anion exchangers were used to remove phosphorus (P) from aqueous solution. The raw and modified agricultural wastes were characterized using total N, total P, FT-IR spectra, SEM, BET, and EXD analysis. The effect of different parameters such as pH (4 to 8), contact time (5 to 600 min), and adsorbent dosage (1 to 8 g L) on P adsorption was investigated.

Vitamin C reverses bone loss in an osteopenic rat model of osteoporosis.

Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin C with antioxidant properties which are known to influence bone quality. This study evaluated whether vitamin C (1000 mg/L) added to drinking water reverses the bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Ninety-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either sham ( = 14) or ovariecotmized groups ( = 28).

Late effect of the food consumption on colorectal cancer rate.

Studies have suggested that higher meat intake may increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk while higher vegetable intake may reduce this risk. There is a substantial lag between the time of exposure to a risk factor (or protective factor) and incidence of cancer. For CRC, in particular, the time from formation of adenoma to occurrence of CRC takes from 10 to 15 years, or even more.

Assessment of MRI issues for the Argus II retinal prosthesis.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) issues (magnetic field interactions, heating, artifacts and functional alterations) at 1.5 T and 3 T for the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis (Second Sight Medical Products, Sylmar, CA, USA).

Materials And Methods: Standardized protocols were used to assess magnetic field interactions (translational attraction and torque; 3 T, worst case), MRI-related heating (1.

Citrus bioactive compounds improve bone quality and plasma antioxidant activity in orchidectomized rats.

Background: We reported that citrus consumption improves bone quality in orchidectomized male rats. In the present study, effects of feeding citrus bioactive compounds and crude extract on bone quality in orchidectomized rats were evaluated.

Methods: Seventy 90-days-old male rats were randomly assigned to five groups for 60 days of feeding study.

Maternal milk concentration of zinc, iron, selenium, and iodine and its relationship to dietary intakes.

The dietary intake of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), and iodine (I) of 31 lactating Mexican-American women attending the Hidalgo County WIC program in Rio Grande Valley (RGV), Texas was estimated from 24-h dietary recall interviews. Milk samples were obtained from lactating mothers who had infants 3 months of age and younger. Milk samples were collected in two visits to assess change in breast milk composition after 1-3 months postpartum: group A--after 30-45 days and group B--75-90 days.

Grapefruit pulp increases antioxidant status and improves bone quality in orchidectomized rats.

Objective: Orchidectomy causes oxidative stress and increases the incidence of osteoporosis. The objective of this research was to evaluate whether eating grapefruit pulp (GP) modifies antioxidant status and reduces osteoporosis in orchidectomized rats.

Methods: Fifty-six 90-d-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: sham-control group (n = 14) and orchidectomized (ORX) group (n = 42).

Grapefruit juice modulates bone quality in rats.

Hypogonadism and oxidative stress increase the risk for developing osteoporosis. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of drinking grapefruit juice on bone quality in orchidectomized (ORX) and non-ORX rats. Fifty-six 90-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups--non-ORX rats (sham), sham + grapefruit juice, ORX, and ORX + grapefruit juice--and treated for 60 days.

Cranberry juice improved antioxidant status without affecting bone quality in orchidectomized male rats.

Background: We reported that drinking citrus juice improves bone quality in orchidectomized senescent male rats. Because cranberry juice, like citrus, is rich in nutrients and phenolic compounds, beneficial effects of citrus juice might also be seen with cranberry juice. An experiment evaluated effect of drinking cranberry juice on bone quality in orchidectomized rats.

High reflectivity air-bridge subwavelength grating reflector and Fabry-Perot cavity in AlGaAs/GaAs.

We present a novel air-bridge subwavelength grating reflector with very high reflectivity to be used as a top mirror in a VCSEL structure. We explain the design method, model the structure using both RCWA and FDTD, and predict the characteristics of a Fabry-Perot structure built with this reflector. We describe the fabrication of the suspended grating.

Serum phenytoin levels of patients on gastrostomy tube feeding.

Serum phenytoin levels of two groups of brain-injured patients on gastrostomy tube (GT) feeding were retrospectively examined. In the first group (group C = clamped, n = 13), GT was clamped for one hour after the phenytoin dose (2-3 doses per day), and in the second group (group NC = not clamped, n = 9) GT feedings were continued without interruption. Mean +/- SD of the serum phenytoin levels was 14.

Daily selenium intake estimates for residents of arsenic-endemic areas.

The selenium in the diet of persons in arsenic-endemic areas, high levels of arsenic in the drinking water, was evaluated. The methodology used was that of 24-hr dietary recall. Daily selenium intakes of two rural towns in northern Mexico were found to be similar, approximating 72.

Human glutathione peroxidase activity in cases of high selenium exposures.

Four communities with water supplies having selenium concentrations of less than 3.1, 1.7, 189, and 496 micrograms/liter were selected for study.

Zinc, vitamin B-6, and other nutrients in pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in Mexico.

Biochemical measurements and 24-h dietary recalls were conducted early (18.9 +/- 5.9 wk) and late (35.

Methylated niacin derivatives in plasma and urine after an oral dose of nicotinamide given to subjects fed a low-methionine diet.

Five healthy males, age 25-32 y, were fed in sequence a diet of ordinary foods (10 d, PI), a low-methionine diet (285 mg/d, 14 d, PII), and an adequate-methionine diet (725 mg/d, 7 d, PIII). Diets contained 9 g nitrogen (N) per day with soy protein and synthetic L-amino acids as the N sources in PII and PIII. In PII, subjects were in negative N balance whereas, in PIII, four subjects were in positive N balance.

Methods compared for determining glutathione peroxidase activity in blood.

We compared four methods for determination of glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.

Zinc supplementation during pregnancy in low-income teenagers of Mexican descent: effects on selected blood constituents and on progress and outcome of pregnancy.

As a follow-up of our study of pregnant women, we report effects of zinc supplementation during pregnancy in another population of 138 Hispanic teenagers in Los Angeles. Teenagers were randomized (double-blind) to a control or zinc-supplemented group and received similar daily vitamin and mineral supplements except for 20 mg zinc added to the zinc-supplemented group's capsules. Initially, mean dietary zinc intakes of both groups were about 50% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance and their mean serum zinc levels did not differ significantly (69.

Zinc supplementation during pregnancy: effects on selected blood constituents and on progress and outcome of pregnancy in low-income women of Mexican descent.

The effects of zinc supplementation on levels of various blood constituents and the outcome of pregnancy in 213 Hispanic women attending a prenatal clinic in Los Angeles was assessed in this double-blind study. The women were randomized into either a control (C) or a zinc-supplemented (Z) group and received similar vitamin and mineral supplements except that 20 mg zinc was added to the Z group's capsules. At the final interview, women (C + Z) with low serum Zn levels (less than or equal to 53 micrograms/dl) had higher (p less than 0.

Zinc supplementation during pregnancy: zinc concentration of serum and hair from low-income women of Mexican descent.

The effect of zinc supplementation on concentrations of zinc in hair and serum of 213 pregnant Hispanic women attending a clinic in Los Angeles was assessed using a random, double-blind experiment. Both the treatment (T) and control (C) groups received similar vitamin and mineral supplements except that 20 mg zinc was added to the supplements for the treatment group. Nutrient intakes were calculated from 24-h recalls.

Growth rate, tissue zinc levels and activities of selected enzymes in rats fed a zinc-deficient diet by gastric tube.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (125 g) were fed by gastric tube either a zinc-deficient or a zinc-adequate diet for 32 days. In an additional study, rats were administered similar diets per os. Growth rate, zinc levels in plasma and tissues, and selected enzyme activities were measured.

Binding of zinc and iron to wheat bread, wheat bran, and their components.

Wholemeal wheat bread decreases the availability and intestinal absorption of divalent metals. To define this action further, binding of zinc in vitro to a wheat wholemeal bread (Tanok), dephytinized Tanok, and cellulose was determined at pH 5.0 to 7.

Effects of cellulose added to diets of low and high fiber content upon the metabolism of calcium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus by man.

Addition of 10 g of cellulose dispersed in 150 g of apple compote to the daily diet with a low fiber content for a 20-day period caused the fecal excretion of calcium and zinc of three men to increase significantly. Balances of both metals became negative and their concentrations in plasma decreased. Magnesium balances became negative in two subjects while phosphorus balance changed to negative in one.