Cytokines secreted from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote apoptosis of CD34 leukemic stem cells as anti-cancer therapy.

Objective: The effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the immortal characteristics of malignant cells, particularly hematologic cancer cells, remains a topic of debate, with the underlying mechanisms still requiring further elucidation. We explored the effect of the bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) on CD34 leukemic stem cells (LSCs) enriched from the KG1-a cell line by assessing apoptosis, measuring cytokine levels, and examining TERT protein expression. Additionally, the potential signaling pathways implicated in this process, such as P53, PTEN, NF-κB, ERK1/2, Raf-1, and H-RAS, were also investigated.

L-carnitine cause to increase cell proliferation of C-Kit hematopoietic progenitor cells via decreasing the PI3K and FOXO-1 protein expression.

Background: Stem cell-based therapy has emerged as an attractive approach for regenerative medicine. Poor survival and maintenance of the cells used in regenerative medicine are considered as serious barriers to enhance the efficacy of the cell therapy. Using some antioxidants has been reported to prevent the aging of stem cells, and finding effective factors to reduce the senescence of these cells has impressive potential in cell therapy.

Hydrogel encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles as a novel therapeutic approach in cancer therapy.

Cell therapy has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to treating disease in recent decades. The application of stem cells in anti-tumor therapy is determined by their varying capacity for proliferation, migration, and differentiation. These capacities are derived from different sources.

Toward the latest advancements in cardiac regeneration using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology: approaches and challenges.

A novel approach to treating heart failures was developed with the introduction of iPSC technology. Knowledge in regenerative medicine, developmental biology, and the identification of illnesses at the cellular level has exploded since the discovery of iPSCs. One of the most frequent causes of mortality associated with cardiovascular disease is the loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs), followed by heart failure.

The role of the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells-derived extracellular vesicles in hematopoiesis.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are tightly regulated by specific microenvironments called niches to produce an appropriate number of mature blood cell types. Self-renewal and differentiation are two hallmarks of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and their balance is critical for proper functioning of blood and immune cells throughout life. In addition to cell-intrinsic regulation, extrinsic cues within the bone marrow niche and systemic factors also affect the fate of HSCs.

Telomerase and mitochondria inhibition promote apoptosis and TET2 and ANMT3a expression in triple negative breast cancer cell lines.

Introduction: High metastasis, resistance to common treatments, and high mortality rate, has made triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to be the most invasive type of breast cancer. High telomerase activity and mitochondrial biogenesis are involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis. The catalytic subunit of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), plays a role in telomere lengthening and extra-biological functions such as gene expression, mitochondria function, and apoptosis.

Stem cells-derived exosomes as cardiac regenerative agents.

Heart failure is a root cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to the limited regenerative capacity of the heart following myocardial injury, stem cell-based therapies have been considered a hopeful approach for improving cardiac regeneration. In recent years, different kinds of cell products have been investigated regarding their potential to treat patients with heart failure.

Investigation the apoptotic effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on MDA-MB 231 breast cancer epithelial cells via signaling pathways.

Background: The discovery of novel cancer therapeutic strategies leads to the development of nanotechnology-based methods for cancer treatment. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have garnered considerable interest owing to their size, shape, and capacity to modify chemical, optical, and photonic properties. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Ag-NPs on inducing of apoptosis in MDA-MB 231 cells by examining specific signaling pathways.

Oxidative stress regulation and related metabolic pathways in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer stem cells.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cell remodeling process in which epithelial cells undergo a reversible phenotype switch via the loss of adhesion capacity and acquisition of mesenchymal characteristics. In other words, EMT activation can increase invasiveness and metastatic properties, and prevent the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutics, as mesenchymal cells have a higher resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. EMT is orchestrated by a complex and multifactorial network, often linked to episodic, transient, or partial events.

Inhibition of mitochondria induces apoptosis and reduces telomere length and activity in acute myeloid leukemia stem cells.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly lethal hematological malignancy in adults and children. Abnormal proliferation of leukemia stem cells (LSC) with CD34 and CD38 phenotypes are the main clinical features of AML. Patients with AML face drug resistance and treatment failure due to a default in stem and progenitor cells.

Clinical Significance of Carnitine in the Treatment of Cancer: From Traffic to the Regulation.

Metabolic reprogramming is a common hallmark of cancer cells. Cancer cells exhibit metabolic flexibility to maintain high proliferation and survival rates. In other words, adaptation of cellular demand is essential for tumorigenesis, since a diverse supply of nutrients is required to accommodate tumor growth and progression.

Investigation of L-carnitine effects on CD44 cancer stem cells from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line as anti-cancer therapy.

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small subpopulation of breast cancer cells, capable of metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance in breast cancer patients. Therefore, targeting BCSCs appears to be a promising strategy for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer metastasis. Mounting evidence supports the fact that carnitine, a potent antioxidant, modulates various mechanisms by enhancing cellular respiration, inducing apoptosis, and reducing proliferation and inflammatory responses in tumor cells.

Targeting the stem cell niche micro-environment as therapeutic strategies in aging.

Adult stem cells (ASCs) reside throughout the body and support various tissue. Owing to their self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential, ASCs have the potential to be used in regenerative medicine. Their survival, quiescence, and activation are influenced by specific signals within their microenvironment or niche.

Granulocyte differentiation of rat bone marrow resident C-kit hematopoietic stem cells induced by mesenchymal stem cells could be considered as new option in cell-based therapy.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in hematopoietic engraftment and tissue repair in stem cell transplantation. In addition, these cells control the process of hematopoiesis by secreting growth factors and cytokines. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of rat bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs on the granulocyte differentiation of rat BM-resident C-kit hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

Magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia: A prospect in cancer stem cell tracking and therapy.

Tumor heterogeneity is a major problem in cancer treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor masses that produce proliferating and quiescent cells. Under stress-related conditions, quiescent cells are capable of repopulating tumor masses.

Synergistic effect of chrysin and radiotherapy against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines.

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer, accounting for 20% of cases. Due to the lack of a molecular target, limited options are available for TNBC treatment. Radiation therapy (RT) is a treatment modality for the management of TNBC following surgery; however, it has a detrimental effect on surrounding healthy tissues/cells at a higher rate.

The effects of encapsulation on NK cell differentiation potency of C-kit+ hematopoietic stem cells via identifying cytokine profiles.

Natural killer cells (NK cells) can kill cancerous cells without prior sensitization. This feature makes them appealing candidates for cellular therapy. Due to the degradation rate and controlled release of these matrices, hydrogels hold great promise in cell differentiation.

Engineered nanoparticles as emerging gene/drug delivery systems targeting the nuclear factor-κB protein and related signaling pathways in cancer.

The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a critical regulator of the immune response, inflammation, cell growth, and survival. Canonical and non-canonical pathways, two NF-κB pathways, are activated through diverse stimulators and receptors. NF-κB activity is dysregulated in various inflammation-related diseases and cancers.

Mesenchymal stem cells cause induction of granulocyte differentiation of rat bone marrow C-kit hematopoietic stem cells through JAK3/STAT3, ERK, and PI3K signaling pathways.

Objectives: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the cells that give rise to different types of blood cells during the hematopoiesis process. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as key elements in the bone marrow (BM) niche interact with hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) by secreting cytokines, which control HPCs maintenance and fate. Here we report that BM-MSCs are capable of inducing granulocytic differentiation of the C-Kit+ HSCs via activating JAK3/STAT3, ERK, and PI3K signaling pathways.

Bidirectional Relations Between Anxiety, Depression, and Cancer: A Review.

Epidemiological evidence continues to accumulate on the effect of stress and depression on cancer initiation and progression. Depression has been introduced as an independent predictor of increased cancer mortality. At the same time, early intervention for depression increases the survival rate.

Recent clinical findings on the role of kinase inhibitors in COVID-19 management.

The highly pathogenic, novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has emerged as a once-in-a-century pandemic with poor consequences, urgently calling for new therapeutics, cures, and supportive interventions. It has already affected over 250 million people worldwide; thereby, there is a need for novel therapies to alleviate the related complications. There is a paradigm shift in developing drugs and clinical practices to combat COVID-19.

An Overview of Autophagy in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Autophagy is a fundamental homeostatic process crucial for cellular adaptation in response to metabolic stress. Autophagy exerts its effect through degrading intracellular components and recycling them to produce macromolecular precursors and energy. This physiological process contributes to cellular development, maintenance of cellular/tissue homeostasis, immune system regulation, and human disease.

COVID-19 infection: an overview on cytokine storm and related interventions.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to global health. This virus affects the respiratory tract and usually leads to pneumonia in most patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in 15% of cases. ARDS is one of the leading causes of death in patients with COVID-19 and is mainly triggered by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, referred to as cytokine storm.

L-Carnitine Reduced Cellular Aging of Bone Marrow Resident C-Kit+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Through Telomere Dependent Pathways.

Background: Increased oxygen species levels can induce mitochondrial DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations and cause defective stem cell differentiation, leading finally to senescence of stem cells. In recent years, several studies have reported that antioxidants can improve stem cell survival and subsequently affect the potency and differentiation of these cells. Finding factors, which reduce the senescence tendency of stem cells upon expansion, has great potential for cellular therapy in regenerative medicine.

Bone marrow CD34 positive cells may be suitable for collection after death.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) which are characterized with CD34+ phenotype, have a pivotal role in blood cell regeneration. They are located in lowest hypoxic areas in the bone marrow niches. This microenvironment protects them from DNA damage and excessive proliferation, whereas the oxygenated area driving cells out of quiescent state into proliferation.