Health research must be of high ethical and scientific quality and consider the needs and experiences of women, men, and nonbinary individuals. National Research Ethics Committees (RECs) are in a strategic position to impede sex- and gender-blind research. In 2020 and 2021, training programs on gender mainstreaming and sex and gender approaches in research evaluation were launched in Senegal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMen who have sex with men (MSM) experience a high degree of discrimination and marginalization in Senegal. Homophobia is pervasive in Senegalese society at the cultural, religious, and political levels. Its effects are reflected in the disproportionately high levels of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse among men who have sex with men when compared to the general population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This study aims to identify barriers to the professional advancement of women researchers in West Africa.
Methods: This was a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional qualitative study conducted between June and September 2020 in five West African countries (Ghana, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Niger and Mali). Interviews were conducted with 21 female and 9 male health researchers by video call.
Despite the widespread Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, we continue to see new reports with strange and unusual manifestations of the infection, which raises the question of how well we understand this pathogen. The age of contracting the infection is increasing in developed countries, which is changing the clinical presentation of those who get infected during their adolescence or early adulthood. In these stages, liver involvement is more prominent, and other physical symptoms are less apparent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFuzzy Logic Speed Controller (FLSC) has been widely used for motor drive due to its robustness and its non-reliance to real plant parameters. However, it is computationally expensive to be implemented in real-time and prone to the fuzzy rules' selection error which results in the failure of the drive's system. This paper proposes an improved simplified rules method for Fuzzy Logic Speed Controller (FLSC) based on the significant crisp output calculations to address these issues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPermeation enhancer strategy is used to develop Benzoylaconitine (BA) of high molecular weight (603.7 Da) into transdermal patch. The present study was to achieve a patch with good analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and investigate the relationship between physicochemical parameters of enhancers and enhancement strength.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The aim of this study was to develop a drug-in-adhesive patch for transdermal delivery of daphnetin (DA), which is a coumarin derivative in Girald Daphne, and to investigate the role of Transcutol P (TP) in the release and percutaneous permeation processes of DA.
Methods: Backing films, permeation enhancers and enhancer content in the transdermal patch were investigated through in vitro experiments using rat skin. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the optimized formulation were evaluated using the adjuvant arthritis model and the pain model induced by acetic acid, respectively.
The potential of Compritol(®)888 ATO as a release modifier to retard the release of highly water soluble drug, metoprolol succinate (MPL) was exploited. Different ratios of Compritol(®)888 ATO versus MPL were utilized and the effect of various formulation methods was evaluated to sustain the release of MPL. MPL: Compritol(®)888 ATO in 1:2 ratio could successfully retard the release of MPL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF