Immortalization of patient-derived lip cells for establishing 3D lip models.

Introduction: The lips fulfill various critical physiological roles besides being viewed as a fundamental aesthetic feature contributing to the perception of health and beauty. Therefore, any lip injury, abnormality, or congenital malformation, such as cleft lip, needs special attention in order to restore proper lip function and aesthetics. To achieve this goal, a better understanding of the complex lip anatomy, function, and biology is required, which can only be provided by basic research endeavors.

Reflecting the human lip in vitro: Cleft lip skin and mucosa keratinocytes keep their identities.

Objectives: Cell models have shown great promise as tools for research, potentially providing intriguing alternatives to animal models. However, the original tissue characteristics must be maintained in culture, a fact that is often assumed, but seldom assessed. We aimed to follow the retention of the original tissue identities of cleft lip-derived skin and mucosa keratinocytes in vitro.

Sec22b regulates phagosome maturation by promoting ORP8-mediated lipid exchange at endoplasmic reticulum-phagosome contact sites.

Phagosome maturation is critical for immune defense, defining whether ingested material is destroyed or converted into antigens. Sec22b regulates phagosome maturation, yet how has remained unclear. Here we show Sec22b tethers endoplasmic reticulum-phagosome membrane contact sites (MCS) independently of the known tether STIM1.

Consistent downregulation of the cleft lip/palate-associated genes and in carcinomas.

Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) and Grainyhead Like Transcription Factor 3 (GRHL3) are transcription factors that orchestrate gene regulatory networks required for the balance between keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Absence of either protein results in the lack of a normal stratified epidermis with keratinocytes failing to stop proliferating and to terminally differentiate. Numerous pathological variants within and have been identified in orofacial cleft-affected individuals and expression of the two transcription factors has been found to be often dysregulated in cancers.

Longevity and outcomes of axillary valve transplantation for severe lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency.

Background: To assess the efficacy of axillary vein transplantation in the treatment of severe chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).

Methods: Among 139 complex venous reconstructions performed between 1991 and 2007 for CVI, 18 patients underwent upper extremity to lower extremity venous valve transplantation. An upper extremity valve was transplanted to the popliteal vein in 13 cases, to the common femoral vein in six cases, and to the saphenofemoral junction in two cases for a total of 21 procedures.