Frequency of dysnatremia in patients admitted with COVID-19 infection and its prognostic implication.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the frequency of dysnatremia among patients admitted with COVID-19 infection and its association with inpatient mortality.

Methods: This retrospective longitudinal study was conducted for 12 weeks. Serum sodium levels were recorded at admission, during the hospital stay, and within 48 hours of discharge or death.

Community acquired versus hospital acquired acute kidney injury; causes and outcome.

Objective: To evaluate causes of community-acquired and hospital-acquired acute kidney injury and the factors associated with increased inpatient mortality.

Methods: The observational prospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from September 2018 to March 2019, and comprised patients having acute kidney injury either at the time of admission in group A or developed it after 48 hours of hospital stay in group B. The patients were followed up for 12 weeks and outcomes were categorised as recovered, developed chronic kidney disease, died or remained dialysis-dependent.

A case of paradoxical reaction after treatment of generalized tuberculous lymphadenopathy in a peritoneal dialysis patient.

Paradoxical reaction (also known as Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction) is a self-limited response to endotoxin released from dead bacteria after starting treatment and is characterized by constitutional symptoms such as fever, headache, dizziness and exacerbation of cutaneous lesions. We report a rare case of a 55-year-old gentleman, on peritoneal dialysis, who developed fever, dizziness and cloudy dialysate after starting anti-tuberculous treatment for disseminated tuberculous lymphadenitis. He was started on antibiotics for suspected peritoneal dialysis peritonitis and anti-tuberculosis treatment was continued.

Coexistence of myasthenia gravis with hypokalemic periodic paralysis: a rare presentation.

Bilateral symmetrical weakness of acute onset is not very uncommon and the differential varies widely from life-threatening neurological illnesses to metabolic and electrolyte derangements. We report the case of a young female with severe muscle weakness, respiratory distress and hypokalemia who required immediate intubation on arrival to emergency department. During hospital course, even after normalisation of serum potassium and some improvement in limb weakness, patient failed multiple attempts of extubation because of type II respiratory failure.

Etiology and outcome of pulmonary renal syndrome: Retrospective study from a tertiary care hospitaln.

To determine the aetiology, clinical characteristics and outcome of patients admitted with pulmonary renal syndrome (PRS). This retrospective analysis was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital from 2011 to 2015. A total of 17 adult patients admitted with PRS were included and followed up for a period of one year for the outcome of PRS as recovery, dialysis dependency or death.

Acute renal failure in diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To study the causes and outcome of Acute renal failure (ARF) in diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted at nephrology unit of SIUT Karachi, Pakistan from November 2012 to May 2013. All adult patients with known underlying diabetes presenting with suspected ARF were included in the study.