Mapping oral medicine (stomatology) and oral and maxillofacial pathology international organizations: a scoping review of global data and historical analysis.

Objectives: To describe the historical evolution and dissemination of the Oral Medicine and Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology international societies and associations across the globe, and to provide insights into their significant contributions toward oral health promotion.

Study Design: This review was conducted in accordance with the JBI Scoping Review Methodology Group guidance. The reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).

Monomeric Esterase: Insights into Cooperative Behavior, Hysteresis/Allokairy.

Herein, we present a novel esterase enzyme, Ade1, isolated from a metagenomic library of Amazonian dark earths soils, demonstrating its broad substrate promiscuity by hydrolyzing ester bonds linked to aliphatic groups. The three-dimensional structure of the enzyme was solved in the presence and absence of substrate (tributyrin), revealing its classification within the α/β-hydrolase superfamily. Despite being a monomeric enzyme, enzymatic assays reveal a cooperative behavior with a sigmoidal profile (initial velocities vs substrate concentrations).

Uncovering the Association Mechanism between Two Intrinsically Flexible Proteins.

The understanding of protein-protein interaction mechanisms is key to the atomistic description of cell signaling pathways and for the development of new drugs. In this context, the mechanism of intrinsically disordered proteins folding upon binding has attracted attention. The VirB9 C-terminal domain (VirB9) and the VirB7 N-terminal motif (VirB7) associate with VirB10 to form the outer membrane core complex of the Type IV Secretion System injectisome.

Metabolic Profiling to Assess Response to Targeted and Immune Therapy in Melanoma.

There is currently no consensus to determine which advanced melanoma patients will benefit from targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of both, highlighting the critical need to identify early-response biomarkers to advanced melanoma therapy. The goal of this review is to provide scientific rationale to highlight the potential role of metabolic imaging to assess response to targeted and/or immune therapy in melanoma cancer. For that purpose, a brief overview of current melanoma treatments is provided.

Tackling the COVID-19 infodemic among Syrian refugees in Lebanon: Development and evaluation of the "Wikaytek" tool.

Objective: The COVID-19 infodemic has been a global public health challenge, especially affecting vulnerable populations such as Syrian refugees with limited internet access and functional, health, digital, and media literacies. To address this problem, we developed , a software to diffuse reliable COVID-19 information using WhatsApp, the preferred communication channel among Syrian refugees. In this paper, we describe the systematic development of the tool.

Impact of Landscape Fire Smoke Exposure on Patients With Asthma With or Without Laryngeal Hypersensitivity.

Background: Individuals with asthma experienced severe and prolonged symptoms after the Australian 2019 to 2020 landscape fire. Many of these symptoms, such as throat irritation, occur in the upper airway. This suggests that laryngeal hypersensitivity contributes to persistent symptoms after smoke exposure.

Mechanisms of gas transfer impairment utilizing nitric oxide following severe COVID-19 pneumonitis.

Reduced carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DL ) is common after recovery from severe COVID-19 pneumonitis. The extent to which this relates to alveolar membrane dysfunction as opposed to vascular injury is uncertain. Simultaneous measurement of nitric oxide diffusing capacity (DL ) and DL can partition gas diffusion into its two components: alveolar-capillary membrane conductance (D ) and capillary blood volume (V ).

YBX1 integration of oncogenic PI3K/mTOR signalling regulates the fitness of malignant epithelial cells.

In heterogeneous head and neck cancer (HNC), subtype-specific treatment regimens are currently missing. An integrated analysis of patient HNC subtypes using single-cell sequencing and proteome profiles reveals an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature within the epithelial cancer-cell population. The EMT signature coincides with PI3K/mTOR inactivation in the mesenchymal subtype.

Automated immunohistochemical quantification of hypoxia biomarkers shows correlation with dysplastic epithelial changes.

Background: Dysregulation of the hypoxia-aerobic system has been postulated in various malignancies. Nonetheless, the contribution of hypoxia to oral carcinogenesis is yet to be elucidated. Understanding this mechanism is important for improving diagnostic tools and targeted therapies.

A Novel Preclinical In Vitro 3D Model of Oral Carcinogenesis for Biomarker Discovery and Drug Testing.

This study aimed to develop an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model of oral carcinogenesis for the rapid, scalable testing of chemotherapeutic agents. Spheroids of normal (HOK) and dysplastic (DOK) human oral keratinocytes were cultured and treated with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). A 3D invasion assay using Matrigel was performed to validate the model.

Comorbidities Modify the Phenotype but Not the Treatment Effectiveness to Mepolizumab in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma.

Background: Comorbidities in severe asthma are common and contribute to disease burden. The severe asthma phenotype and treatment response can be impacted by comorbid conditions. Real-world data on the use of mepolizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) in the presence of comorbidities are needed to inform clinical practice.

Antibacterial T6SS effectors with a VRR-Nuc domain are structure-specific nucleases.

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) secretes antibacterial effectors into target competitors. spp. encode five phylogenetically distinct T6SSs.

Cataract in keratoconus: Six-month results and a comparison of standard intraocular lens power calculation formulas.

Purpose: To report the results of cataract surgeries in keratoconus patients at 1 and 6 months postoperatively, and to compare the standard intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas in this population.

Methods: This is a retrospective study, carried out in 44 eyes of 26 patients known to have keratoconus who underwent cataract surgery at Beirut Eye and ENT Specialist Hospital between 2010 and 2021. The patients were divided into groups based on Dr Jarade updated algorithm.

The AraC-type transcription factor TagK is a new player in the signaling cascade that induces the anti-eukaryotic T6SS of Xanthomonas citri.

Type 6 secretion systems (T6SSs) are specialized multiprotein complexes that inject protein effectors into prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells. We previously described the role of the T6SS of the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. citri as an anti-eukaryotic nanoweapon that confers resistance to predation by the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.

Model analysis of multiple breath nitrogen washout data: robustness to variations in breathing pattern.

We recently developed a model-based method for analyzing multiple breath nitrogen washout data that does not require identification of Phase-III. In the present study, we assessed the effect of irregular breathing patterns on the intra-subject variabilities of the model parameters. Nitrogen fraction at the mouth was measured in 18 healthy and 20 asthmatic subjects during triplicate performances of multiple breath nitrogen washout, during controlled (target tidal volume 1 L at 8-12 breaths per minute) and free (unrestricted) breathing.

Transcriptional regulation of glucose transporters in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

The increased glucose uptake observed in cancer cells is mediated by glucose transporters (GLUTs), a class of transmembrane proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose and other substrates across the plasma membrane. Despite the important role of glucose in the pathophysiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), there is very limited data regarding the expression of GLUTs in normal or malignant cells from the oral mucosa. We analysed the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of all 14 GLUTs in two OSCC (H357/H400) and one non-malignant oral keratinocyte (OKF6) cell line using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction.