Litchi ( Sonn.): a comprehensive review of phytochemistry, medicinal properties, and product development.

Since ancient times, litchi has been well recognized as a functional food for the management of various ailments. Many bioactives, including flavanoids, anthocyanins, phenolics, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, and lignans, have been identified from litchi with a myriad of biological properties both and . In spite of the extensive research progress, systemic reviews regarding the bioactives of litchi are rather scarce.

Dissecting grilled red and white meat flavor: Its characteristics, production mechanisms, influencing factors and chemical hazards.

Meat flavor is composed of a complex mixture of volatile compounds developed as a result of heat driven multi-directional reactions. Typical reactions include Maillard reaction, lipid oxidation, as well as nitrogenous compounds degradation. Such complex flavor is characterized by a rich variety of volatile species, and to strongly influence consumer's preference.

A Comprehensive Review of the Composition, Nutritional Value, and Functional Properties of Camel Milk Fat.

Recently, camel milk (CM) has been considered as a health-promoting icon due to its medicinal and nutritional benefits. CM fat globule membrane has numerous health-promoting properties, such as anti-adhesion and anti-bacterial properties, which are suitable for people who are allergic to cow's milk. CM contains milk fat globules with a small size, which accounts for their rapid digestion.

Advance toward isolation, extraction, metabolism and health benefits of kaempferol, a major dietary flavonoid with future perspectives.

As a major ubiquitous secondary metabolite, flavonoids are widely distributed in . Among flavonoids, kaempferol is a typical natural flavonol in diets and medicinal plants with myriad bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory activity, anti-cancer activity, antioxidant activity, and anti-diabetic activity. However, the natural sources, absorption and metabolism as well as the bioactivities of kaempferol have not been reviewed comprehensively and systematically.

Over a century since ephedrine discovery: an updated revisit to its pharmacological aspects, functionality and toxicity in comparison to its herbal extracts.

Ephedrine, a sympathomimetic amine that exhibits several adrenaline actions, is a plant alkaloid that is a common ingredient in several cold, asthma and narcolepsy treatment preparations, and in obesity management and sport medicine. Its principal action mechanism relies on its direct adrenergic actions as well as indirect role that involves the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, thus increasing the activity of epinephrine and norepinephrine at the postsynaptic α and β receptors. Nevertheless, its serious side effects, including stroke, heart attack, drug abuse and interactions, have never been comprehensively reviewed.

Interactions between dietary flavonoids and the gut microbiome: a comprehensive review.

Flavonoids are natural polyphenol secondary metabolites that are widely produced . Flavonoids are ubiquities in human dietary intake and exhibit a myriad of health benefits. Flavonoids-induced biological activities are strongly influenced by their availability in the human GI tract, as well as the levels of which are modulated by interaction with the gut bacteria.

Antiviral, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Three Edible Agaricomycetes Mushrooms: , , and .

In this study, we investigated aqueous extracts of three edible mushrooms: (white button mushroom), (oyster mushroom), and (grey oyster mushroom). The extracts were biochemically characterized for total carbohydrate, phenolic, flavonoid, vitamin, and protein contents besides amino acid analysis. Triple TOF proteome analysis showed 30.

L.: Toothbrush tree with health benefits and industrial applications - An updated evidence-based review.

L. is also known as Arak (in Arabic) and Peelu (in Urdu). Its frequent use as a toothbrush (miswak) is highly recommended by Prophet Muhammad.

Authentication of saffron spice accessions from its common substitutes via a multiplex approach of UV/VIS fingerprints and UPLC/MS using molecular networking and chemometrics.

Saffron is a spice revered for its unique flavor and health attributes often subjected to fraudulence. In this study, molecular networking as a visualization tool for UPLC/MS dataset of saffron and its common substitutes i.e.

Gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: Manifestations, mechanism and management.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is considered the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has become an international danger to human health. Although respiratory transmission and symptoms are still the essential manifestations of COVID-19, the digestive system could be an unconventional or supplementary route for COVID-19 to be transmitted and manifested, most likely due to the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 can trigger hepatic injury direct binding to the ACE2 receptor in cholangiocytes, antibody-dependent enhancement of infection, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, inflammatory cytokine storms, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and adverse events of treatment drugs.

Proteome Analysis and In Vitro Antiviral, Anticancer and Antioxidant Capacities of the Aqueous Extracts of and Edible Mushrooms.

In this study, we examined aqueous extracts of the edible mushrooms (oyster mushroom) and (shiitake mushroom). Proteome analysis was conducted using LC-Triple TOF-MS and showed the expression of 753 proteins by , and 432 proteins by . Bioactive peptides: Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor, superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin reductase, serine proteinase and lectin, were identified in both mushrooms.

Rediscovering bacterial exopolysaccharides of terrestrial and marine origins: novel insights on their distribution, biosynthesis, biotechnological production, and future perspectives.

Bacteria exist in colonies as aggregates or associated with surfaces forming biofilms rather than planktonic cells. Living in such a unique manner is always mediated a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, which are composed mainly of polysaccharides or specifically exopolysaccharides (EPS). Biofilm formation and hence EPS production are affected by biotic and abiotic factors inducing/inhibiting several involved genes and other molecules.

Preoperative Atrial Fibrillation is associated with long-term morTality in patients undergoing suRgical AortiC valvE Replacement.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is frequent after any cardiac surgery, but evidence suggests it may have no significant impact on survival if sinus rhythm (SR) is effectively restored early after the onset of the arrhythmia. In contrast, management of preoperative AF is often overlooked during or after cardiac surgery despite several proposed protocols. This study sought to evaluate the impact of preoperative AF on mortality in patients undergoing isolated surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR).

Multifaceted role of phyto-derived polyphenols in nanodrug delivery systems.

As naturally occurring bioactive products, several lines of evidence have shown the potential of polyphenols in the medical intervention of various diseases, including tumors, inflammatory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Notably, owing to the particular molecular structure, polyphenols can combine with proteins, metal ions, polymers, and nucleic acids providing better strategies for polyphenol-delivery strategies. This contributes to the inherent advantages of polyphenols as important functional components for other drug delivery strategies, e.

Marine and terrestrial endophytic fungi: a mine of bioactive xanthone compounds, recent progress, limitations, and novel applications.

Endophytic fungi are a kind of fungi that colonizes living plant tissues presenting a myriad of microbial adaptations that have been developed in such a hidden environment. Owing to its large diversity and particular habituation, they present a golden mine for research in the field of drug discovery. Endophytic fungal communities possess unique biocatalytic machinery that furnishes a myriad of complex natural product scaffolds.

Spontaneous Reperfusion in Patients with Transient ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction-Prevalence, Importance and Approaches to Management.

Patients with transient ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or spontaneous resolution (SpR) of the ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram could potentially represent a unique group of patients posing a therapeutic management dilemma. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying SpR, its relation to clinical outcomes and the proposed management options for patients with transient STEMI with a focus on immediate versus early percutaneous coronary intervention. We performed a structured literature search of PubMed and Cochrane Library databases from inception to December 2020.

Novel trends in extraction and optimization methods of bioactives recovery from pomegranate fruit biowastes: Valorization purposes for industrial applications.

Pomegranate biowastes present potential economic value worldwide owing to their several health benefits mediated by a complex mixture of unique bioactives. The exploitation of these bioactives has motivated the exploration of eco-friendly, efficient, and cost-effective extraction techniques to maximize their recovery. The current review aims to provide updated technical information about bioactives extraction mechanisms from pomegranate wastes (seeds and peel), their advantages and disadvantages, and factors towards optimization.

Measurement of Antioxidant Capacity of Meat and Meat Products: Methods and Applications.

At present, a wide variety of analytical methods is available to measure antioxidant capacity. However, this great diversity is not reflected in the analysis of meat and meat products, as there are a limited number of studies on determining this parameter in this complex food matrix. Despite this, and due to the interest in antioxidants that prevent oxidation reactions, the identification of antioxidants in meat and meat products is of special importance to the meat industry.

Sweat metabolome and proteome: Recent trends in analytical advances and potential biological functions.

Metabolome and proteome profiling of biofluids, e.g., urine, plasma, has generated vast and ever-increasing amounts of knowledge over the last few decades.

Chemistry, processing, and functionality of maple food products: An updated comprehensive review.

Maple sap is a rich nutrient matrix collected from Acer trees to produce several food products (i.e., sap, water, extract, syrup, and sugar), of which syrup is the most famous in the food industry for its distinct taste and flavor.

Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Clinical Review Article.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as one of the lethal causes of chronic liver disease globally. NAFLD can ultimately progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) given persistent cellular insult. The crux of the problem lies in fat accumulation in the liver, such as increased fatty acid substrates owing to consumption of a high-fat diet, altered gut physiology, and excess adipose tissue.

Dissecting dietary melanoidins: formation mechanisms, gut interactions and functional properties.

Dietary melanoidins are late stage Maillard reaction products (MRPs), browning colorants and predominantly high molecular weight (HMW) chemicals. They originate through polycondensation reactions of reducing sugars and proteins or amino acids upon thermal processing. Their presence in several daily food and beverages (i.

Impact of Fermented or Enzymatically Fermented Dried Olive Pomace on Growth, Expression of Digestive Enzyme and Glucose Transporter Genes, Oxidative Stability of Frozen Meat, and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chickens.

The use of dried olive pomace as complementary energy sources in poultry feed is still limited due to its low protein and high fiber contents. Bioconversion of olive pomace through solid-state fermentation with or without exogenous enzymes is considered as a trial for improving its nutritional value. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermented olive pomace with or without enzymatic treatment on the growth, modulations of genes encoding digestive enzymes and glucose transporters, meat oxidative stability, and economic efficiency of broiler chickens.