Prone positioning does not improve outcomes of intubated patients with pneumocystis pneumonia and moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a single-center, retrospective, observational, cohort study.

Background: Pneumocystis pneumonia is an uncommon precipitant of acute respiratory distress syndrome and is associated with high mortality. Prone positioning ventilation has been proven to reduce mortality in patients with moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. We investigated the effect of prone positioning on oxygenation and mortality in intubated patients with pneumocystis pneumonia comorbid with moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Bibliometric analysis of the pirfenidone and nintedanib in interstitial lung diseases.

Background: At the beginning of 21st century, reclassification of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILD) scored academic concerning, and then propelled development. Decade before, pifenidone and nintedanib were approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but no more drugs are yet available. To evaluate the development traits of pirfenidone and nintedanib in fibrosing ILD, including the influential country, institution, authors, keywords, and the major problems or the priorities of the field emerge and evolve, bibliometric analysis was used to summarize and draw scientific knowledge maps.

Nebulized platelet-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate chronic cigarette smoke-induced murine emphysema.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent lung disease usually resulting from cigarette smoking (CS). Cigarette smoking induces oxidative stress, which causes inflammation and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and represents a compelling therapeutic target for COPD. Purified human platelet-derived exosome product (PEP) is endowed with antioxidant enzymes and immunomodulatory molecules that mediate tissue repair.

Clinical characteristics and predictors of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at different altitudes.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is closely associated with poor prognosis. However, studies on the predictors of PH in COPD patients are limited, especially in populations living at high altitude (HA).

Objectives: To investigate the differences in the clinical characteristics and predictors of patients with COPD/COPD and PH (COPD-PH) from low altitude (LA, 600 m) and HA (2200 m).

Transcriptomic profiles of age-related genes in female trachea and bronchus.

Studies demonstrated that age-related cellular and functional changes of airway significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of many airway diseases. However, our understanding on the age-related molecular alterations of human airway remains inadequate. Airway (trachea and bronchus) brushing specimens were collected from 14 healthy, female non-smokers with ages ranging from 20 to 60 years.

Monitoring small airway dysfunction in connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease: a retrospective and prospective study.

Background: Small airway dysfunction (SAD), a hallmark of early lung function abnormality, is a major component of several chronic respiratory disorders. The role of SAD in patients with connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) has not been explored.

Methods: We conducted a two-parts (retrospective and prospective) study to collect pulmonary function tests from CTD-ILD patients.

The Role of JAK/STAT Pathway in Fibrotic Diseases: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms.

There are four members of the JAK family and seven of the STAT family in mammals. The JAK/STAT molecular pathway could be activated by broad hormones, cytokines, growth factors, and more. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway extensively mediates various biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and immune regulation.

MET-targeted therapies for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Dysregulation of the mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) pathway contributes to poor clinical outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Numerous clinical trials are currently investigating several therapies based on modulation of the MET pathway.

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the activity and safety of MET inhibitors in patients with NSCLC.

Rituximab for the treatment of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common pulmonary disease often associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD). Currently, no gold-standard therapies are available for CTD-ILD. Recently, several studies have proposed that rituximab (RTX) may be effective for the treatment of CTD-ILD.

Noncanonical JAK1/STAT3 interactions with TGF-β modulate myofibroblast transdifferentiation and fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with limited survival. Janus kinases (JAKs), tyrosine kinases that transduce cytokine-mediated signals, are known to be involved, but their specific roles in lung fibrosis are not well defined. In this study, the interactions between JAK1/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 signaling and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-induced fibroblast responses were investigated using both pharmacological and siRNA approaches in human normal and IPF-derived lung fibroblasts.

Central nervous system infection caused by : A case report.

Background: is a rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) that belongs to the unnamed third biovariant complex of the group, which is rarely responsible for human infection. Approximately 76% of infections caused by the group occur after open fractures or skin, soft tissue, bone, or puncture wounds. To date, only a few cases of human infectious disease caused b have been reported worldwide.

Efficacy and Safety of JAK Inhibitors for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: More and more trials have been conducted. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of different JAKinibs in RA. Methods: A systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with JAKinib treatment in RA published in the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to May 2021 was performed.

Canonical and noncanonical regulatory roles for JAK2 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) are two fibrotic interstitial lung diseases that share the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) injury pattern. Here, we report that RNA sequencing of lung biopsies from patients with RA-ILD and IPF revealed shared and distinct disease-causing pathways. Analysis of transcriptomic data identified a JAK2 related JAK/STAT signaling pathway gene signature that distinguishes RA-UIP from idiopathic UIP.

A novel humanized model of rheumatoid arthritis associated lung disease.

Cigarette smoking has been implicated in the pathogenesis of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as RA-associated lung disease. Fibrotic interstitial lung disease as well as emphysema occur in RA and cause substantial morbidity. We used arthritis-susceptible HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice to generate RA-associated lung disease.

AST/ALT ratio as a predictor of mortality and exacerbations of PM/DM-ILD in 1 year-a retrospective cohort study with 522 cases.

Objective: To assess the associations between aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase ratio (DRR) and mortality in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease (PM/DM-ILD).

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, which included 522 patients with PM/DM-ILD whose DRR on admission were tested at West China Hospital of Sichuan University during the period from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios for mortality in four predefined DRR strata (≤ 0.

Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib, Baricitinib, and Upadacitinib for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety profiles of different dosing regimens of tofacitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib, novel selective oral Janus activated kinase inhibitors, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Randomized controlled trials of tofacitinib (5 and 10 mg twice daily) baricitinib (2 and 4 mg daily), and upadacitinib (15 and 30 mg daily) in RA were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through December 11, 2019. Random-effects models were used to estimate pooled mean differences and relative risks (RRs).

Molecular characterization of pulmonary defenses against bacterial invasion in allergic asthma: The role of Foxa2 in regulation of β-defensin 1.

Allergic asthma, characterized by chronic airway Th2-dominated inflammation, is associated with an increased risk of infection; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Forkhead box protein A2 (Foxa2) plays a critical role in Th2 inflammation and is associated with pulmonary defenses. To determining the role of Foxa2 in Th2-dominated lung inflammation against the invading bacteria, we established a mouse OVA-sensitized model, an Escherichia coli lung invasion model, and mice with conditional deletion of Foxa2 in respiratory epithelial cells.

Nebulized Ipratropium bromide protects against tracheal and bronchial secretion during bronchoscopy: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Anticholinergic administration prior to flexible bronchoscopy has been investigated, but studies have not yielded consistent results.

Methods: Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive nebulized 4 ml ipratropium bromide (1 mg, n = 125) or placebo (n = 125) for 15 minutes as premedication, 20 to 40 minutes before bronchoscopy. Airway secretions, bleeding, patient discomfort, procedure time, and procedure-related adverse events were compared between the groups.

A Higher Rate of Pulmonary Fungal Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Influenza in a Large Tertiary Hospital.

Background: Influenza is considered a self-limiting disease. However, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it may result in serious outcomes during the flu season.

Objectives: The aims of this retrospective study were to explore the characteristics of hospitalized patients with COPD complicated by influenza and determine the factors affecting the prognosis of these patients.

Dupilumab treatment in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-4-receptor α subunit, has been developed and used in clinical trials to treat atopic dermatitis (AD).

Objective: We aimed to assess the overall efficacy and safety of dupilumab treatment in AD.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library databases, and the Chinese Biological Medicine (CBM) published up to September 2017 were searched.

Efficacy and safety of benralizumab in patients with eosinophilic asthma: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.

Benralizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-5 receptor α to deplete blood eosinophils and improve the clinical outcomes of allergic asthma. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of different doses of benralizumab in patients with eosinophilic asthma. All randomized controlled trials involving benralizumab treatment for patients with eosinophilic asthma, which were searched in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library published until January 2017, as well as the rate of asthmatic exacerbation, pulmonary functionality, asthma control, quality of life scores, and adverse events were included.

Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Objective: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are representative chronic inflammatory airway diseases responsible for a considerable burden of disease. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and chronic inflammatory airway diseases.

Data Sources: Articles published up to January 1, 2017, were selected from the PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase databases, with the keywords of "asthma" or "pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive", "neutrophils" and "extracellular traps.