Determination of Extra- and Intraperitoneal Fluid during Peritoneal Dialysis using Bioimpedance.

Objective: In peritoneal dialysis (PD), ultrafiltration (UF) failure is commonly attributed to dysfunction of the peritoneal membrane, resulting in decreased ultrafiltration volume (UFV). Our objective was to evaluate whether fluid absorption and UF can be assessed by monitoring intraperitoneal fluid using segmental bioimpedance analysis (sBIA).

Methods: Twenty PD patients were studied during either a peritoneal equilibration test (PET; n = 7) or automated PD (APD; n = 13).

Measurement of peritoneal fluid absorption and ultrafiltration during peritoneal dialysis using segmental bioimpedance.

The aim of this study was to measure intraperitoneal volume (IPV) and ultrafiltration volume (UFV) by monitoring the abdominal resistance using segmental bioimpedance analysis (SBIA, Hydra 4200). Twenty peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients were studied during a fill with 2 L of 2.5% glucose peritoneal dialysate solution.

Estimation of fluid status using three multifrequency bioimpedance methods in hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Segmental eight-point bioimpedance has been increasingly used in practice. However, whether changes in bioimpedance analysis components before and after hemodialysis (HD) using this technique in a standing position is comparable to traditional whole-body wrist-to-ankle method is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the differences between two eight-point devices (InBody 770 and Seca mBCA 514) and one wrist-to-ankle (Hydra 4200) in HD patients and healthy subjects in a standing position.

Identification of fluid overload in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease using bioimpedance techniques.

Diagnosis of fluid overload (FO) in early stage is essential to manage fluid balance of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the identification of fluid status in patients with CKD is largely dependent on the physician's clinical acumen. The ratio of fluid overload to extracellular volume (FO/ECV) has been used as a reference to assess fluid status.

Prevalence of fluid overload in an urban US hemodialysis population: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Inadequate fluid status remains a key driver of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Quantification of fluid overload (FO) using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has become standard in many countries. To date, no BIS device has been approved in the United States for fluid status assessment in kidney patients.

Monitoring of Intraperitoneal Fluid Volume during Peritoneal Equilibration Testing using Segmental Bioimpedance.

Background: Ultrafiltration failure and fluid overload are common in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Knowledge of intraperitoneal volume (IPV) and time to peak IPV during a dwell would permit improved PD prescription. This study aimed to utilize trunk segmental bioimpedance analysis (SBIA) to quasi-continuously monitor IPV (IPVSBIA) during the peritoneal dwell.

Evaluation of one year of frequent dialysis on fluid load and body composition using calf bioimpedance technique.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased frequency of dialysis (FHD) on change in fluid status and body composition using segmental bioimpedance.

Approach: Twelve stable HD patients were switched from 3 times/week to 6 times/week HD (FHD). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass and body mass index (BMI) were measured pre- and post-HD.

Effect of Change in Fluid Status Evaluated by Bioimpedance Techniques on Body Composition in Hemodialysis Patients.

Objective: This prospective study uses calf bioimpedance spectroscopy (cBIS) to guide the attainment of dry weight (DW) in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether body composition is altered when fluid status is reduced to DW.

Methods: Target post-HD weight was gradually reduced from baseline (BL) until DW was achieved.

Estimation of peripheral blood volume and interstitial volume in hemodialysis patients using bioimpedance techniques.

This paper describes a method to estimate interstitial fluid volume and peripheral blood volume (BV) in hemodialysis (HD) patients using whole body (wBIS) and calf (cBIS) bioimpedance spectroscopy techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the technique. Thirty five HD patients were studied pre and post HD.

Effect of age and blood pressure on determination of normal fluid status in a general population using whole body and calf bioimpedance techniques.

Normal fluid status (dry weight) can be identified by hydration markers established in the healthy population. The general population average could be influenced by age with its accompanying physiological changes and/or illness. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the effect of age and systolic blood pressure (SBP) on these markers; (2) to compare mean values of hydration markers as assessed by different bioimpedance techniques.

A Randomized Crossover Trial of Dietary Sodium Restriction in Stage 3-4 CKD.

Background And Objectives: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often volume expanded and hypertensive. Few controlled studies have assessed the effects of a sodium-restricted diet (SRD) in CKD.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: We conducted a randomized crossover trial to evaluate the effect of SRD (target <2 g sodium per day) versus usual diet on hydration status (by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy) and blood pressure (BP) between May of 2009 and May of 2013.

Calf Resistivity Values in Chronic Kidney Disease in a Caucasian Population.

Background: Continuous intradialytic calf bioimpedance spectroscopy (cBIS) allows assessment of changes in calf extracellular fluid volume (ECV) to determine dry weight (DW) in hemodialysis patients. During dialysis, calf ECV decreases until excessive ECV has been removed and normalized resistivity ρN,5 rises to values comparable to those of a normal population (cBIS-DW). It is not clear whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) itself influences ρN,5 and whether normal values depend on race and ethnicity.

Techniques for assessing fluids status in patients with kidney disease.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this article is to present current information on techniques for fluid status assessment in patients with kidney disease. The methods can be broadly categorized into biomarkers, ultrasound, blood volume monitoring, and bioimpedance.

Recent Findings: Biomarkers including atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide have been shown to provide information about relative changes in fluid status.

Validating Body Fat Assessment by Bioelectric Impedance Spectroscopy in Taiwanese Hemodialysis Patients.

Objective: Obesity is becoming increasingly common in hemodialysis (HD) patients and is associated with inflammation and increased mortality. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy and variability of the bioimpedance device in measuring body fat in Taiwanese dialysis patients.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Estimation of arterio-venous access blood flow in hemodialysis patients using video image processing technique.

Assessment of arterio-venous fistula (AVF) blood flow (ABF) is vital in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Currently, no non-invasive and contact-free technique is available to accurately measure ABF in routine clinical practice. In this study, we developed a novel approach using video image processing (VIP) to measure the change in optic flow in the skin.

Estimation of body composition and normal fluid status using a calf bioimpedance technique.

Unlabelled: The aims of this study in hemodialysis (HD) patients were: 1. To evaluate the relationship of calf bioimpedance with total body composition and fluid status as measured by gold standard methods. 2.

Bioimpedance can solve problems of fluid overload.

Bioimpedance (BI) techniques for measuring normal hydration status (NHS) can be generally classified as (1) by frequency as single frequency at 50 kHz, BI analysis, and multifrequency BI spectroscopy and (2) by method as whole body (wrist to ankle) measurement and calf BI spectroscopy. The aim of this article was to review current BI methods for clinical practice in patients with end-stage of kidney disease. BI vector analysis using whole-body single-frequency BI at 50 kHz may be useful for population studies to indicate a range of degree of fluid loading and of nutritional status.

Agreement of single- and multi-frequency bioimpedance measurements in hemodialysis patients: an ancillary study of the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Daily Trial.

Background: Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is well established to assess body composition. Agreements between single- and multi-frequency bioimpedance (SF-BIA, MF-BIS) measurements in subjects undergoing 6 or 3 times/week hemodialysis (HD) were analyzed.

Methods: Total body water (TBW) and intra- and extracellular fluid (ICF, ECF) of subjects enrolled in the Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Daily Trial (www.

Effect of change in fluid distribution in segments in hemodialysis patients at different ultrafiltration rates on accuracy of whole body bioimpedance measurement.

This study explored divergence (error) between ultrafiltration volumes (UFV) and intradialytic changes in extracellular volume (ΔECV) in hemodialysis (HD) patients measured by whole body (wBIS) and sum of segmental bioimpedance spectroscopy (sBIS). The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different ultrafiltration rates (UFR) on error of estimation of ΔECV by changes in their distribution in body segments (arm, trunk, and leg). Forty-four HD patients (26 men, age 63.

Comparison of bioimpedance techniques to detect changes in fluid status in hemodialysis patients.

Unlabelled: Bioimpedance (BI) is maturing as a clinical technique for assessing fluid volume status. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of four BI methods to detect changes in fluid status in hemodialysis patients.

Methods: Forty-five patients were studied twice in the same week, i.

The association between arterial stiffness and fluid status in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Objectives: In this study our aim was to evaluate the relationship between degree of fluid status and arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Fluid status was determined by different methods including fluid overload measured by bioimpedance (Body Composition Monitor, BCM), calf normalized resistivity (CNR), plasma N-terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and extracellular to intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW).

Methods: Sixty PD patients were evaluated.

Modeling of change in blood volume and extracellular fluid volume during hemodialysis.

Knowledge of dynamics of shift of fluid volume between intra- and extravascular compartments during hemodialysis (HD) is important for managing HD treatment to help patients approach dry weight without hypotension. The Relative blood volume (RBV) monitor indicates change in plasma volume based on the difference between ultrafiltration rate (UFR) and plasma refilling rate (PRR) during HD. However, the absolute value of PRR cannot be obtained from RBV.

Comparison of fluid volume estimates in chronic hemodialysis patients by bioimpedance, direct isotopic, and dilution methods.

Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is accepted for the assessment of total-body water (TBW), intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). We aimed to compare precision and accuracy of single and multi-frequency-BIA to direct estimation methods (DEMs) of TBW, ECF, and ICF in hemodialysis patients. Linear regression analysis of volume estimates in 49 patients by single- and multi-frequency-BIA correlated significantly with DEMs.

Prealbumin is associated with visceral fat mass in patients receiving hemodialysis.

Objective: Albumin and prealbumin are associated with nutritional status and inflammatory status. Each has a residual effect on mortality outcomes when included in regression models that include the other. Prealbumin is increased in the obese mouse model as a consequence of stabilization of prealbumin by retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) secreted by adipocytes.

Calf bioimpedance spectroscopy for determination of dry weight in hemodialysis patients: effects on hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy.

Background/aims: Dry weight estimation in hemodialysis patients is still a substantial problem. Despite meticulous clinical assessment, fluid overload is common, leading to hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Segmental calf bioimpedance spectroscopy (cBIS) is a novel tool for dry weight assessment.