Ursolic acid attenuates pseudo-allergic reactions via reducing MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation.

Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) is a newly identified receptor on mast cells that contribute to IgE-independent pseudo-allergy. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been reported for its anti-allergy effects. However, the protective mechanism against pseudo-allergic reactions remains unclear.

Chronic exposure to PM induces anxiety-like behavior via exacerbating hippocampal oxidative stress.

As one of the most environmental concerns, inhaled particulate matter (PM) causes numerous health problems. However, the associations between anxiety behavior and toxicity caused by PM have rarely been reported so far. To investigate the changes of behavior after PM exposure and to identify the potential mechanisms of toxicity, PM samples (with doses of 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) were intratracheally instilled into rats to simulate inhalation of polluted air by the lungs.

Alternate-day fasting ameliorated anxiety-like behavior in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Alternate-day fasting (ADF) has been reported to reduce body weight, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress damage. However, it is not known whether ADF affects obesity-induced anxiety-like behavior. Here, male C57BL/6 mice were given an alternate fasting and high-fat diet (HFD) or standard chow diet (SD) every other day for 16 or 5 weeks.

Wide-spectrum laser beam shaping for full-color volume holographic optical element recording.

For homogeneous diffraction efficiency of the recorded volume holographic optical element (vHOE), a recording beam of uniform intensity is required. A multicolor vHOE is recorded by an RGB laser source with Gaussian intensity distribution; during equal exposure time, recording beams of different intensities would result in different diffraction efficiencies in different recording areas. In this paper, we present a wide-spectrum laser beam shaping system design method, by which the incident RGB laser beam can be controlled into uniform intensity distribution with a spherical wavefront.

Calculation of aberration fields for freeform imaging systems using field-dependent footprints on local tangent planes.

Aberration theory is a fundamental understanding of the optical aberrations and remains the best way to guide optical system design. The nodal aberration theory, which can be used to describe the aberration fields of freeform imaging systems, is limited by the small field of view (FOV) of the imaging system. In this paper, we propose a method to predict the induced aberration of Fringe Zernike terms with field-dependent footprints.

Tailoring high-performance illumination lenses for extended non-Lambertian sources.

A key challenge in tailoring compact and high-performance illumination lenses for extended non-Lambertian sources is to take both the étendue and the radiance distribution of an extended non-Lambertian source into account when redirecting the light rays from the source. We develop a direct method to tailor high-performance illumination lenses with prescribed irradiance properties for extended non-Lambertian sources. A relationship between the irradiance distribution on a given observation plane and the radiance distribution of the non-Lambertian source is established.

High-performance imaging with an advanced non-imaging lens based on full-path optical diffraction calculation in two-dimensional space.

High-performance image-forming systems often require high system complexity due to the overdetermined nature of optical aberration correction. What we present here is a novel computational imaging modality which can achieve high-performance imaging using a simple non-image-forming optical system. The presented optical system contains an aspherical non-imaging lens which is designed with the optimal transfer of light radiation between an object and a detector.

Freeform optical design of beam shaping systems with variable illumination properties.

Freeform optics constitutes a new technology that is currently driving substantial changes in beam shaping. Most of the current beam shaping systems are elaborately tailored for fixed optical properties, which means the output light distribution of a beam shaping system usually cannot be changed. What we present here is a class of beam shaping systems, the optical properties of which can be changed to meet the requirements for different applications.