Migraine burden and costs in France: a nationwide claims database analysis of triptan users.

To estimate the burden of migraine in the population of French patients identified as specific migraine acute treatment users compared to a control group. A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was performed on the Echantillon Généraliste des Bénéficiaires claims database, a 1/97 random sample of the French public insurance database. A representative sample of all adults with at least one delivery of triptans, ergot derivatives or acetylsalicylic acid/metoclopramide (all drugs with a specific label in migraine acute treatment - SMAT) in 2014 was selected with a control group matched on age, gender and geographic region.

In Vivo FRET Imaging to Predict the Risk Associated with Hepatic Accumulation of Squalene-Based Prodrug Nanoparticles.

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is used here for the first time to monitor the in vivo fate of nanoparticles made of the squalene-gemcitabine prodrug and two novel derivatives of squalene with the cyanine dyes 5.5 and 7.5, which behave as efficient FRET pair in the NIR region.

Circulating Lipoproteins: A Trojan Horse Guiding Squalenoylated Drugs to LDL-Accumulating Cancer Cells.

Selective delivery of anticancer drugs to rapidly growing cancer cells can be achieved by taking advantage of their high receptor-mediated uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). Indeed, we have recently discovered that nanoparticles made of the squalene derivative of the anticancer agent gemcitabine (SQGem) strongly interacted with the LDLs in the human blood. In the present study, we showed both in vitro and in vivo that such interaction led to the preferential accumulation of SQGem in cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) with high LDL receptor expression.

Conjugation of squalene to gemcitabine as unique approach exploiting endogenous lipoproteins for drug delivery.

Once introduced in the organism, the interaction of nanoparticles with various biomolecules strongly impacts their fate. Here we show that nanoparticles made of the squalene derivative of gemcitabine (SQGem) interact with lipoproteins (LPs), indirectly enabling the targeting of cancer cells with high LP receptors expression. In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal preeminent affinity of the squalene-gemcitabine bioconjugates towards LP particles with the highest cholesterol content and in silico simulations further display their incorporation into the hydrophobic core of LPs.

In vitro investigation of multidrug nanoparticles for combined therapy with gemcitabine and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor: Together is not better.

Combined therapy with gemcitabine and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (i.e., sunitinib) has already demonstrated important benefits in pancreatic cancer treatment.