Macrophages promote pre-metastatic niche formation of breast cancer through aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity.

Macrophages that acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype play a crucial role in establishing the pre-metastatic niche (PMN), which is essential for facilitating breast cancer metastasis to distant organs. Our study showed that increased activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in lung macrophages plays a crucial role in establishing the immunosuppressive PMN in breast cancer. Specifically, AHR activation led to high expression of PD-L1 on macrophages by directly binding to the promoter of Pdl1.

Oleic acid availability impacts thymocyte preprogramming and subsequent peripheral T cell differentiation.

The nature of activation signals is essential in determining T cell subset differentiation; however, the features that determine T cell subset preference acquired during intrathymic development remain elusive. Here we show that naive CD4 T cells generated in the mouse thymic microenvironment lacking Scd1, encoding the enzyme catalyzing oleic acid (OA) production, exhibit enhanced regulatory T (T) cell differentiation and attenuated development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Scd1 deletion in K14 thymic epithelia recapitulated the enhanced T cell differentiation phenotype of Scd1-deficient mice.

Glycolytic neutrophils accrued in the spleen compromise anti-tumour T cell immunity in breast cancer.

The coordination of immunity across organs is fundamental to cancer development and progression. It is well known that the hostile metabolic microenvironment in the tumour is a major obstacle to effective anti-tumour immunity. However, whether metabolic alterations in secondary lymphoid tissues beyond the tumour can affect anti-tumour immunity remains elusive.

LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a novel target for opening the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB).

Inner ear disorders are a cluster of diseases that cause hearing loss in more than 1.5 billion people worldwide. However, the presence of the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) on the surface of the inner ear capillaries greatly hinders the effectiveness of systemic drugs for prevention and intervention due to the low permeability, which restricts the entry of most drug compounds from the bloodstream into the inner ear tissue.

Heterogeneity of tyrosine-based melanin anabolism regulates pulmonary and cerebral organotropic colonization microenvironment of melanoma cells.

Dietary tyrosine regulating melanoma progression has been well-recognized. However, whether tyrosine-based melanin anabolism contributes to pulmonary and cerebral organotropic colonization of melanoma remains elusive. Furthermore, approaches based on targeting tyrosinase activity to inhibiting multi-organ metastasis of melanoma cells need to be designed and validated.

A Porcine Congenital Single-Sided Deafness Model, Its Population Statistics and Degenerative Changes.

Objective: To describe and study the population statistics, hearing phenotype, and pathological changes of a porcine congenital single-sided deafness (CSSD) pedigree.

Methods: Click auditory brainstem response (ABR), full-frequency ABR, and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) were used to assess the hearing phenotype of the strain. Tympanogram was used to assess the middle ear function since birth.

[The discussion on the application of simultaneous balloon Eustachian tuboplasty in the hearing reconstruction in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media].

To explore the application of simultaneous balloon Eustachian tuboplasty（BET） in hearing reconstruction in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. Twenty-three patients（23ears） who diagnosesd as chronic suppurative otitis media and Eustachian tube dysfunction and underwent hearing reconstruction surgery were retrospectively enrolled, including 12 patients（12 ears） received BET + hearing reconstruction surgery as the case group, 11 patients（11 ears） received hearing reconstruction surgery as the control group. All patients underwent Eustachian tube function score（ETS） and pure tone audiometry before the surgery and one year after the surgery.

KIT gene mutation causes deafness and hypopigmentation in Bama miniature pigs.

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a common syndromic hearing loss disease. A large group of patients affected by WS were found no mutations in the existed gene panel, indicating that there are still potential genes responsible for WS yet to be detected. In our previous study, we established an autosomal-dominant (OMIM# 164920) mutation (c.

Scd1 controls de novo beige fat biogenesis through succinate-dependent regulation of mitochondrial complex II.

Preadipocytes can give rise to either white adipocytes or beige adipocytes. Owing to their distinct abilities in nutrient storage and energy expenditure, strategies that specifically promote "beiging" of adipocytes hold great promise for counterbalancing obesity and metabolic diseases. Yet, factors dictating the differentiation fate of adipocyte progenitors remain to be elucidated.