Medical therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) include both conventional options (like steroids and immunomodulators) and newer biologic treatments (such as TNF-alpha inhibitors and interleukin inhibitors).
Until 2019, biologic medications were not covered by North Macedonia's public health insurance, limiting their use among IBD patients.
A study conducted by the University Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Skopje evaluates the effects of anti-TNF-alpha therapy on IBD patients who previously did not respond adequately to traditional treatments, now made more accessible since the introduction of insurance coverage.