Identification of retinol dehydrogenase 10 as a shared biomarker for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its early identification and intervention offer opportunities for reversing diabetes mellitus.

Methods: In this study, we identified biomarkers for the MASLD dataset (GSE33814, GSE48452) and the T2DM dataset (GSE76895 and GSE89120) by bioinformatics analysis. Next, we constructed weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) for disease module analysis to screen out shared genes strongly associated with diseases.

The role of gut-islet axis in pancreatic islet function and glucose homeostasis.

The gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in the occurrence and treatment of metabolic diseases. Recent studies have convincingly demonstrated a bidirectional axis of communication between the gut and islets, enabling the gut to influence glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis in animals strongly. The 'gut-islet axis' is an essential endocrine signal axis that regulates islet function through the dialogue between intestinal microecology and endocrine metabolism.

The genetic landscape of early-onset Alzheimer's disease in China.

Introduction: Research on somatic and germline mutations in Chinese individuals with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) has been limited.

Methods: We conducted whole-genome sequencing of blood DNA from 108 patients with EOAD and 116 controls. The analysis included somatic and germline mutations across coding and non-coding regions, mutational signature determination, pathway enrichment identification, and predictive model.

Influence of APOE ε4 on performance of CSF biomarkers in differentiating clinical Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) bring the higher risk of Alzheimer' Disease (AD). It is essential to evaluate whether the diagnostic performances and critical values of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are influenced by APOE ε4, which has guiding significance for the clinical practical application.

Methods: The differences in CSF biomarkers and their performances between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in distinguishing AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preclinical AD from normal controls (NCs) were analyzed.

Gender disparities in attitudes, norms, and perceived control related to intentional condomless sexual intercourse: A psychosocial theory-driven comparison among cisgender heterosexual male and female college varsity athletes in Taiwan.

Background: While condom use has been extensively studied as a protective behavior, research directly focusing on condomless sexual intercourse (CSI) as a distinct and intentional risk behavior, particularly regarding gender differences, remains scarce.

Methods: Building upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study addresses this gap by comparing TPB factors and individual TPB items regarding intentional CSI among cisgender heterosexual college varsity athletes in Taiwan ( = 1348).

Results: High CSI intention was more prevalent among men (53.

Integrating Ultrabright Polymer Dots and Stereo NIR-II Imager for Assessing Anti-Angiogenic Drugs in Oral Cancer Model.

The development of efficient platforms for the evaluation of anti-angiogenic agents is critical in advancing cancer therapeutics. In this study, we exploited an ultrabright semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) integrating with a three-dimensional (3D) near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging system designed to assess the efficacy of potent anti-angiogenic agents PX-478 and BPR0C261 in an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumour model, which depends on angiogenesis for dissemination. PX-478, a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) inhibitor, and BPR0C261, a microtubule-disrupting agent, were administrated into tumour-bearing mice established using murine MTCQ1 tongue cancer cells through intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage, respectively.

High prevalence of low bone mineral density in middle-aged adults in Shanghai: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To assess bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged individuals in Shanghai, in order to improve awareness of osteopenia and osteoporosis screening.

Methods: The clinical data of 1107 permanent residents of Shanghai aged 40-60 years were collected using a random cluster sampling method. Osteoporosis questionnaire survey and BMD test were conducted.

Progress of AI assisted synthesis of polysaccharides-based hydrogel and their applications in biomedical field.

Polymeric hydrogels, characterized by their highly hydrophilic three-dimensional network structures, boast exceptional physical and chemical properties alongside high biocompatibility and biodegradability. These attributes make them indispensable in various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressings and sensor technologies. With the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), hydrogels are undergoing significant transformations in design, leveraging human-machine interaction, machine learning, neural networks, and 3D/4D printing technology.

Exogenous p-coumaric acid treatment improves phenolic compounds biosynthesis of postharvest cherry tomatoes by regulating physiological metabolism.

To investigate the effect of p-coumaric acid (p-CA) on postharvest cherry tomatoes, breaker stage fruits were treated with p-CA to analyze the physiological metabolism during storage. The results showed that exogenous p-CA treatment improved the sensory quality of tomato fruits. Transcriptomics results indicated that 782 genes (339 up-regulated and 443 down-regulated) were differentially expressed between p-CA treated and control fruits.

Development and validation of dietary depression index in Chinese adults.

Objective: Previous studies have suggested diet was associated with depressive symptoms. We aimed to develop and validate Dietary Depression Index (DDI) based on dietary prediction of depression in a large Chinese cancer screening cohort.

Methods: In the training set ( = 2729), we developed DDI by using intake of 20 food groups derived from a food frequency questionnaire to predict depression as assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 based on the reduced rank regression method.

Integrated analysis of genes shared between type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis.

Background: The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis (OP) has been widely recognized in recent years, but the mechanism of interaction remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic features and signaling pathways that are shared between T2DM and OP.

Methods: We analyzed the GSE76894 and GSE76895 datasets for T2DM and GSE56815 and GSE7429 for OP from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify shared genes in T2DM and OP, and we constructed coexpression networks based on weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA).

A Prospective Cohort Study of Antimony Exposure and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults - China, 2017-2021.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Antimony (Sb) has been identified as a new neurotoxicant that impacts neurological functions in animal studies. However, its effects on the human population remain unknown.

What Is Added By This Report?: The study reveals that there is an association between exposure to Sb and a higher incidence of cognitive impairment in older adults.

Radiomics analysis using magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow edema for diagnosing knee osteoarthritis.

This study aimed to develop and validate a bone marrow edema model using a magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics nomogram for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 302 patients with and without osteoarthritis were retrospectively collected from April 2022 to October 2023 at Longhua Hospital affiliated with the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The participants were randomly divided into two groups (a training group, n = 211 and a testing group, n = 91).

Vascular endothelial growth factor is an effective biomarker for vascular dementia, not for Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis.

Introduction: Vascular pathology is known to contribute to dementia and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a well-established biomarker associated with vascular alterations. Nonetheless, research findings on VEGF in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are inconsistent across various studies.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to elucidate relationships between VEGF and AD/VaD.

Small Intestinal Endocrine Cell Derived Exosomal ACE2 Protects Islet β-Cell Function by Inhibiting the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Reducing β-Cell Pyroptosis.

Background: The "gut-islets axis" is an important endocrine signaling axis that regulates islets function by modulating the gut microbiota and endocrine metabolism within the gut. However, the specific mechanisms and roles of the intestine in islets regulation remain unclear. Recent studies investigated that exosomes derived from gut microbiota can transport signals to remotely regulate islets β-cell function, suggesting the possibility of novel signaling pathways mediated by gut exosomes in the regulation of the "gut-islet axis.

Clinical Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Acupotomy in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment.

The protocol presented here demonstrates the operation method of ultrasound-guided acupotomy for knee osteoarthritis (KOA), including patient recruitment, preoperative preparation, manual operation, and postoperative care. The purpose of this protocol is to relieve pain and improve knee function in patients with KOA. A total of 60 patients with KOA admitted between June 2022 and June 2023 were treated with ultrasound-guided acupotomy.

Foreground Capture Feature Pyramid Network-Oriented Object Detection in Complex Backgrounds.

Feature pyramids are widely adopted in visual detection models for capturing multiscale features of objects. However, the utilization of feature pyramids in practical object detection tasks is prone to complex background interference, resulting in suboptimal capture of discriminative multiscale foreground semantic features. In this article, a foreground capture feature pyramid network (FCFPN) for multiscale object detection is proposed, to address the problem of inadequate feature learning in complex backgrounds.

Pathological progression of osteoarthritis: a perspective on subchondral bone.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative bone disease associated with aging. The rising global aging population has led to a surge in OA cases, thereby imposing a significant socioeconomic burden. Researchers have been keenly investigating the mechanisms underlying OA.

Unmasking the sky: high-resolution PM prediction in Texas using machine learning techniques.

Background: Although PM (fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) is an air pollutant of great concern in Texas, limited regulatory monitors pose a significant challenge for decision-making and environmental studies.

Objective: This study aimed to predict PM concentrations at a fine spatial scale on a daily basis by using novel machine learning approaches and incorporating satellite-derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and a variety of weather and land use variables.