Rapid Cognitive Deterioration in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study.

Background: Nowadays, cognitive impairment has been characterized as one of the most vital clinical symptoms in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).

Objectives: Based on a relatively large cohort, we aimed to show the cognitive deterioration in different PSP subtypes during 1-year follow-up and investigate potential contributors for disease prognosis.

Methods: One hundred seventeen patients from Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Neuroimage Initiative (PSPNI) cohort underwent neuropsychological tests and 1-year follow-up, with 73 diagnosed as PSP-Richardson syndrome (PSP-RS) and 44 as PSP-non-RS.

Dopaminergic PET to SPECT domain adaptation: a cycle GAN translation approach.

Purpose: Dopamine transporter imaging is routinely used in Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) diagnosis. While [C]CFT PET is prevalent in Asia with a large APS database, Europe relies on [I]FP-CIT SPECT with limited APS data. Our aim was to develop a deep learning-based method to convert [C]CFT PET images to [I]FP-CIT SPECT images, facilitating multicenter studies and overcoming data scarcity to promote Artificial Intelligence (AI) advancements.

F-Florzolotau PET Imaging Unveils Tau Pathology in Dementia with Lewy Bodies.

Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) commonly exhibits a complex neuropathology, sharing characteristics with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including tau aggregates. However, studies using the F-AV-1451 tau tracer have shown inconsistent findings regarding both the extent and topographical distribution of tau pathology in DLB.

Objectives: Our aim was to elucidate the topographical patterns of tau deposition in DLB and to investigate the in vivo pathological distinction between DLB and AD in virtue of the F-Florzolotau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.

Diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence-assisted PET imaging for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted PET imaging is emerging as a promising tool for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aim to systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of AI-assisted PET in detecting PD. The Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore databases were systematically searched for related studies that developed an AI algorithm in PET imaging for diagnostic performance from PD and were published by August 17, 2023.

Improved interpretation of F-florzolotau PET in progressive supranuclear palsy using a normalization-free deep-learning classifier.

While F-florzolotau tau PET is an emerging biomarker for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), its interpretation has been hindered by a lack of consensus on visual reading and potential biases in conventional semi-quantitative analysis. As clinical manifestations and regions of elevated F-florzolotau binding are highly overlapping in PSP and the Parkinsonian type of multiple system atrophy (MSA-P), developing a reliable discriminative classifier for F-florzolotau PET is urgently needed. Herein, we developed a normalization-free deep-learning (NFDL) model for F-florzolotau PET, which achieved significantly higher accuracy for both PSP and MSA-P compared to semi-quantitative classifiers.

Feasibility of F-florzolotau quantification in patients with Alzheimer's disease based on an MRI-free tau PET template.

Objectives: Quantification of tau accumulation using positron emission tomography (PET) is critical for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of F-florzolotau quantification in patients with AD using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-free tau PET template, since individual high-resolution MRI is costly and not always available in practice.

Methods: F-florzolotau PET and MRI scans were obtained in a discovery cohort including (1) patients within the AD continuum (n = 87), (2) cognitively impaired patients with non-AD (n = 32), and (3) cognitively unimpaired subjects (n = 26).

Based on Tau PET Radiomics Analysis for the Classification of Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are closely associated with Tau proteins accumulation. In this study, we aimed to implement radiomics analysis to discover high-order features from pathological biomarker and improve the classification accuracy based on Tau PET images. Two cross-racial independent cohorts from the ADNI database (121 AD patients, 197 MCI patients and 211 normal control (NC) subjects) and Huashan hospital (44 AD patients, 33 MCI patients and 36 NC subjects) were enrolled.

F-Florzolotau Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tau Pathology in the Living Brains of Patients with Corticobasal Syndrome.

Background: Recent development in tau-sensitive tracers has sparkled significant interest in tracking tauopathies using positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers. However, the ability of F-florzolotau PET imaging to topographically characterize tau pathology in corticobasal syndrome (CBS) remains unclear. Further, the question as to whether disease-level differences exist with other neurodegenerative tauopathies is still unanswered.

F-Florzolotau PET imaging captures the distribution patterns and regional vulnerability of tau pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Purpose: Human post mortem studies have described the topographical patterns of tau pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Recent advances in tau PET tracers are expected to herald the next era of PSP investigation for early detection of tau pathology in living brains. This study aimed to investigate whether F-Florzolotau PET imaging may capture the distribution patterns and regional vulnerability of tau pathology in PSP, and to devise a novel image-based staging system.

In Vivo F-Florzolotau Tau Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Parkinson's Disease Dementia.

Background: Tau pathology is observed during autopsy in many patients with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using the tracer F-florzolotau has the potential to capture tau accumulation in the living brain.

Objective: The aim was to describe the results of F-florzolotau PET/CT (computed tomography) imaging in patients with PDD.

In Vivo Tau Burden Is Associated with Abnormal Brain Functional Connectivity in Alzheimer's Disease: A F-Florzolotau Study.

Purpose: F-Florzolotau is a novel second-generation tau radiotracer that shows higher binding affinity and selectivity and no off-target binding. The proportion loss of functional connectivity strength (PLFCS) is a new indicator for representing brain functional connectivity (FC) alteration. This study aims to estimate the relationship between the regional tau accumulation and brain FC abnormality in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients based on Florzolotau PET and fMRI.

Striatal dopaminergic lesions contributed to the disease severity in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Background: Reduced dopamine transporter (DAT) binding in the striatum has been reported in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). However, the relationship between striatal dopaminergic lesions and the disease severity of PSP remains to be explored.

Objective: To investigate the contributions of striatal dopaminergic lesions to the disease severity of PSP.

F-Florzolotau Tau Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Patients with Multiple System Atrophy-Parkinsonian Subtype.

Background: Anecdotal evidence suggests that patients diagnosed with the parkinsonian subtype of multiple system atrophy (MSA-P) may show uptake of the second-generation tau positron emission tomography (PET) tracer F-Florzolotau (previously known as F-APN-1607) in the putamen.

Objectives: This study systematically investigated the localization and magnitude of F-Florzolotau uptake in a relatively large cohort of patients with MSA-P.

Methods: F-Florzolotau PET imaging was performed in 31 patients with MSA-P, 24 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 20 age-matched healthy controls.

Chronic hypoperfusion due to intracranial large artery stenosis is not associated with cerebral β-amyloid deposition and brain atrophy.

Background: Insufficient cerebral perfusion is suggested to play a role in the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, there is a lack of direct evidence indicating whether hypoperfusion causes or aggravates AD pathology. We investigated the effect of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on AD-related pathology in humans.

F-FDG PET Combined With MR Spectroscopy Elucidates the Progressive Metabolic Cerebral Alterations After Blast-Induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.

A majority of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients experience persistent neurological dysfunction with no findings on conventional structural MR imaging. It is urgent to develop advanced imaging modalities to detect and understand the pathophysiology of blast-induced mTBI. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG PET) could detect neuronal function and activity of the injured brain, while MR spectroscopy provides complementary information and assesses metabolic irregularities following injury.

A Fully Automatic Framework for Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis by Multi-Modality Images.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent long-term neurodegenerative disease. Though the criteria of PD diagnosis are relatively well defined, current diagnostic procedures using medical images are labor-intensive and expertise-demanding. Hence, highly integrated automatic diagnostic algorithms are desirable.

Frequency-Dependent Relationship Between Resting-State fMRI and Glucose Metabolism in the Elderly.

Both glucose metabolism and resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) signal reflect hemodynamic features. The objective of this study was to investigate their relationship in the resting-state in healthy elderly participants ( = 18). For RS-fMRI signal, regional homogeneity (ReHo), amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), and degree of centrality (DC) maps were generated in multiple frequency bands.

Regional cerebral metabolism alterations affect resting-state functional connectivity in major depressive disorder.

Background: F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) is a reliable technique to quantify regional neural glucose metabolism even with major depressive disorder (MDD) heterogeneous features. Previous study proposed that in the resting-state (RS), pairs of brain regions whose regional glucose metabolic rates were significantly correlated were functionally associated. This synchronicity indicates a neuronal metabolic and functional interaction in high energy efficient brain regions.

Thiamine diphosphate reduction strongly correlates with brain glucose hypometabolism in Alzheimer's disease, whereas amyloid deposition does not.

Background: The underlying mechanism of brain glucose hypometabolism, an invariant neurodegenerative feature that tightly correlates with cognitive impairment and disease progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), remains elusive.

Methods: Positron emission tomography with 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG-PET) was used to evaluate brain glucose metabolism, presented as the rate of 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose standardized uptake value ratio (FDG SUVR) in patients with AD or control subjects and in mice with or without thiamine deficiency induced by a thiamine-deprived diet. Brain amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in patients with clinically diagnosed AD was quantified by performing assays using C-Pittsburgh compound B PET.

Effects of constraint-induced movement therapy on brain glucose metabolism in a rat model of cerebral ischemia: a micro PET/CT study.

Purpose: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) can improve motor functions in stroke patients and ischemic rats. This study examined the effect of CIMT in ischemic rats using positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods: We used middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) procedure to induce cerebral ischemia in rats.

Effects of long-term salicylate administration on synaptic ultrastructure and metabolic activity in the rat CNS.

Tinnitus is associated with neural hyperactivity in the central nervous system (CNS). Salicylate is a well-known ototoxic drug, and we induced tinnitus in rats using a model of long-term salicylate administration. The gap pre-pulse inhibition of acoustic startle test was used to infer tinnitus perception, and only rats in the chronic salicylate-treatment (14 days) group showed evidence of experiencing tinnitus.