Skeletal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Meniscal Tear Healing and Ameliorate Secondary Osteoarthritis.

Background: The self-repair ability after meniscal tears is poor, leading to the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Promoting the repair of meniscal injuries remains a great challenge, especially in the avascular region.

Hypothesis: Local delivery of skeletal stem cell (SSC)-derived exosomes (SSC-Exos) would promote meniscal healing and prevent secondary osteoarthritis progression.

Self-Attention Fully Convolutional DenseNets for Automatic Salt Segmentation.

3-D salt segmentation is important for many research topics spanning from exploration geophysics to structural geology. In seismic exploration, 3-D salt segmentation is directly related to the velocity modeling building that affects many processing steps, such as seismic migration and full waveform inversion. Manually picking the salt boundary becomes prohibitively time-consuming when the data size is too large.

Epigenetic Biomarkers Screening of Non-Coding RNA and DNA Methylation Based on Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Smokers.

This study aims to use bioinformatics methods to determine the epigenetic changes in microRNA expression and DNA methylation caused by cigarette smoking. The data of mRNA, miRNA expression, and methylation microarray were obtained from the GEO database to filter differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), and methylated CpG probes (DMPs) through the limma package. The R clusterProfile package was used for functional annotation and enrichment analysis.

Characterization of DNA methylation as well as mico-RNA expression and screening of epigenetic markers in adipogenesis.

This study aimed to use bioinformatics methods to characterize epigenetic changes in terms of micro-RNA(miRNA) expression and DNA methylation during adipogenesis. The mRNA and miRNA expression microarray and DNA methylation dataset were obtained from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially methylated probes (DMPs) were filtered using the limma package.

Injectable Mussel-Inspired highly adhesive hydrogel with exosomes for endogenous cell recruitment and cartilage defect regeneration.

In the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), cartilage degradation in the surface region leads to superficial cartilage defect. However, enhancing the regeneration of cartilage defect remains a great challenge for existing hydrogel technology because of the weak adhesion to wet tissue. In the present study, an injectable mussel-inspired highly adhesive hydrogel with exosomes was investigated for endogenous cell recruitment and cartilage defect regeneration.

Juglanin Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis in Ovariectomized Mice via the Suppression of NF-κB Signaling Pathways.

Bone metabolism is a physiological process that involves both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Pathological changes of osteoclasts are commonly seen in osteoporosis diseases. Juglanin is a natural compound, reported to have an inhibitory effect on inflammation, oxidative stress and cancer progression.

Case series and finite element analysis of PFNA combined with cerclage wire for treatment of subtrochanteric fracture of femur.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical efficacy of PFNA combined with a cerclage wire in the treatment of 52 patients with unstable subtrochanteric fracture of the femur and to analyze the biomechanical effect of ligature on a fracture model.

Methods: In this study, 52 patients with unstable subtrochanteric fractures were treated in our orthopedic trauma center from June 2013 to July 2018. The Seinsheimer type IV fracture model was established using the patient's CT data, and the joint surface of the distal femoral condyle and the external condyle were restrained.

Schisandrin A restrains osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species and activating Nrf2 signalling.

Objectives: Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) has been proven to be a critical factor in the development of osteoclasts. This study aimed to prove that schisandrin A (Sch), a novel anti-oxidant compound, is able to suppress osteoclastogenesis and prevent bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice by suppressing ROS via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2).

Material And Methods: Micro-CT was used to detect bone formation.

Cytisine attenuates bone loss of ovariectomy mouse by preventing RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.

Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (PMOP) is oestrogen withdrawal characterized of much production and activation by osteoclast in the elderly female. Cytisine is a quinolizidine alkaloid that comes from seeds or other plants of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family. Cytisine has been shown several potential pharmacological functions.

Finite element analysis of dual small plate fixation and single plate fixation for treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures.

Background: Midshaft clavicle fractures are one of the most familiar fractures. And, dual small plate fixation has been reported as can minimize hardware-related complications. However, the biomechanical properties of the dual small plate fixation have not yet been thoroughly evaluated.

Tetrandrine Prevents Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Inhibiting RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone density and strength due to the imbalance between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Postmenopausal estrogen withdrawal increases proinflammatory cytokines and increases the serum level of Receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL)/Osteoprotegerin (OPG), which then leads to the overactivation of osteoclastogenesis. Tetrandrine, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, has been widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis clinically in China.

Juglanin ameliorates LPS-induced neuroinflammation in animal models of Parkinson's disease and cell culture via inactivating TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neuro-degenerative disorder, and novel therapeutic targets are required for the treatment of PD. Juglanin is a natural compound extracted from the crude Polygonum aviculare, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. In our study, PD in mice was induced by systemic LPS treatment as evidenced by enhanced α-synuclein and reduced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which were reversed by juglanin treatment.