Survey of hepatitis B virus infection status after 35 years of universal vaccination implementation in Taiwan.

Background And Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination programs in Taiwan are one of the earliest programs in the world and have largely reduced the prevalence of HBV infection. We aimed to demonstrate the vaccination efficacy after 35 years and identify gaps toward HBV elimination.

Methods: A total of 4717 individuals aged 1-60 years were recruited from four administrative regions based on the proportion of population distribution.

Redox-Sensitive NiO Stabilizing Perovskite Films for High-Performance Photovoltaics.

Metal halide perovskite materials inherently possess imperfections, particularly under nonequilibrium conditions, such as exposure to light or heat. To tackle this challenge, we introduced stearate ligand-capped nickel oxide (NiO), a redox-sensitive metal oxide with variable valence, into perovskite intermediate films. The integration of NiO improved the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by offering multifunctional roles: (1) chemical passivation for ongoing defect repair, (2) energetic passivation to bolster defect tolerance, and (3) field-effect passivation to mitigate charge accumulation.

Embedding biocatalysts in a redox polymer enhances the performance of dye-sensitized photocathodes in bias-free photoelectrochemical water splitting.

Dye-sensitized photoelectrodes consisting of photosensitizers and molecular catalysts with tunable structures and adjustable energy levels are attractive for low-cost and eco-friendly solar-assisted synthesis of energy rich products. Despite these advantages, dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes suffer from severe electron-hole recombination and facile molecule detachment, limiting photocurrent and stability in photoelectrochemical water-splitting devices. In this work, we develop an efficient and robust biohybrid dye-sensitized NiO photocathode, in which the intermolecular charge transfer is enhanced by a redox polymer.

Intestinal microbiota analysis of different Blastocystis subtypes and Blastocystis-negative individuals in Taiwan.

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are the most common infectious diseases among Southeast Asian migrant workers in Taiwan, especially for infections with Blastocystis hominis. However, little is known about the impact of Blastocystis subtypes (STs) on the gut microbiota.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the prevalence of intestinal parasites in a teaching hospital in Northern Taiwan in the period of 2015-2019.

Interfacial Property Tuning Enables Copper Electrodes in High-Performance n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells.

Developing cost-effective metal electrodes is essential for reducing the overall cost of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Although copper is highly conductive and economical, it is rarely used as a positive electrode in efficient n-i-p PSCs due to its unmatched Fermi level and low oxidation threshold. We report herein that modification for the inner surface of electrodes using mercaptopyridine-based molecules readily tunes the electronic and chemical properties of copper, which has been achieved by fine-tuning the substituents of mercaptopyridines.

Solvent Gaming Chemistry to Control the Quality of Halide Perovskite Thin Films for Photovoltaics.

Research on solvent chemistry, particularly for halide perovskite intermediates, has been advancing the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) toward commercial applications. A predictive understanding of solvent effects on the perovskite formation is thus essential. This work systematically discloses the relationship among the basicity of solvents, solvent-contained intermediate structures, and intermediate-to-perovskite α-FAPbI evolutions.

85 °C/85%-Stable n-i-p Perovskite Photovoltaics with NiO Hole Transport Layers Promoted By Perovskite Quantum Dots.

Power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability are two vital issues for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, there is still a lack of suitable hole transport layers (HTLs) to endow PSCs with both high efficiency and stability. Here, NiO nanoparticles are promoted as an efficient and 85 °C/85%-stable inorganic HTL for high-performance n-i-p PSCs, with the introduction of perovskite quantum dots (QDs) between perovskite and NiO as systematic interfacial engineering.

Promotion Strategies of Hole Transport Materials by Electronic and Steric Controls for n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells.

Hole transport materials (HTMs) play a requisite role in n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The properties of HTMs, such as hole extraction efficiency, chemical compatibility, film morphology, ion migration barrier, and so on, significantly affect PSCs' power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stabilities. Up till now, researchers have devoted much attention to developing new types of HTMs as well as promoting pristine HTMs using numerous strategies.

Intermediate Chemistry of Halide Perovskites: Origin, Evolution, and Application.

The preparation of solution-processed metal halide perovskites is interwoven with research on their intermediate chemistry. In this Perspective, molecule-level insights are provided into how Lewis base additives (LBAs), , DMSO and NMP, facilitate powder-to-film formation processes (, the chemical origin of intermediate structures, structural evolution of intermediate-to-perovskite phase transition, and device-based application of intermediate-evolved perovskites). LBAs interact with Lewis acid species (cationic A or B sites) of ABX structures with separate probability in terms of coordination bonds or hydrogen bonds to form two types of intermediate structures, inducing significant differences within intermediate-to-perovskite processes.

Perovskite Quantum Dots as Multifunctional Interlayers in Perovskite Solar Cells with Dopant-Free Organic Hole Transporting Layers.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with organic hole transporting layers (o-HTLs) have been widely studied due to their convenient solution processing, but it remains a big challenge to improve the hole mobilities of commercially available organic hole transporting materials without ion doping while maintaining the stability of PSCs. In this work, we demonstrated that the introduction of perovskite quantum dots (QDs) as interlayers between perovskite layers and dopant-free o-HTLs (P3HT, PTAA, Spiro-OMeTAD) resulted in a significantly enhanced performance of PSCs. The universal role of QDs in improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs was validated, exceeding that of lithium doping.

Methylamine-Dimer-Induced Phase Transition toward MAPbI Films and High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Modules.

Perovskite films prepared with CHNH molecules under ambient conditions have led to rapid fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but there remains a lack of mechanistic studies and inconsistencies with operability in their production. Here the crystal structure of CHNH-CHNHPbI was analyzed to involve hydrogen bonds (CHNH···CHNH) and has guided the facile, reproducible preparation of high-quality perovskite films under ambient conditions. Hydrogen bonds within CHNH···CHNH dimers were found in the CHNH-CHNHPbI intermediates, accompanied by 1D-PbI chains (δ-phase).

High-Efficiency, Hysteresis-Less, UV-Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Cascade ZnO-ZnS Electron Transport Layer.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached certified efficiencies of up to 23.7% but suffered from frailness and instability when exposed to ambient atmosphere. Zinc oxide (ZnO), when used as electron transport layer (ETL) on PSCs, gives rise to excellent electronic, optic, and photonic properties, yet the Lewis basic nature of ZnO surface leads to deprotonation of the perovskite layer, resulting in serious degradation of PSCs using ZnO as ETL.