Clinicopathological Significances and Prognostic Value of in Colorectal Cancer.

The gene family ( and ) is associated with multiple human diseases, particularly malignant tumors. However, the expression and prognostic value of the family in human colorectal cancers (CRCs) have not been reported. In this study, several databases, including Oncomine, UALCAN, and the cancer cell line encyclopedia, were used to compare differences in , and expression between normal colon samples and CRCs.

Glycine assists in efficient synthesis of herbal carbon dots with enhanced yield and performance.

As a special type of biomass, herbal medicine often contains a variety of biologically active substances, and taking it as a carbon source, it is expected to produce various types of biologically functional carbon dots (CDs). However, there are few reports in this field, especially in achieving enhanced performance of CDs by improving the utilization efficiency of active substances in medicinal materials. In this work, by adding glycine as an auxiliary agent in the preparation of CDs from herbal medicine (Exocarpium Citri Grandis), the carboxyl and amino groups of the adjuvant provided more reactive sites, which greatly improved the yield of CDs (about 6 times).

PLK4 is a key molecule in the formation of PGCCs and promotes invasion and migration of progeny cells derived from PGCCs.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the evil source of tumor metastasis and recurrence. Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) that exhibit the characteristics of CSCs produced daughter cells via asymmetric division. The molecular mechanisms of daughter cells derived from PGCCs with high migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities in colorectal cancer (CRC) are explored in this paper based on the bioinformatics analysis.

Immunoregulatory Activity of Herbal Tea-Derived Carbon Dots.

The activation of immune cells by immunoregulatory active substances can improve the body immunity. Carbon dots (CDs) with immunoregulatory activity are rarely reported. In this study, transmission electron microscopy results demonstrate the existence of CDs in herbal tea, while Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results suggest the participation of polyphenol in herbal tea CD (H-CD) formation.

The role of cell division control protein 42 in tumor and non-tumor diseases: A systematic review.

Rho-GTPases control a variety of cellular functions mainly by regulating microtubule and actin dynamics, affecting the cytoskeleton, and are important regulators of the structural plasticity of dendrites and spines. Members of the Rho-GTPase family include Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), RhoA (Ras homologous), and cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42). Cdc42 is involved in the regulation of a variety of tumor and non-tumor diseases through a cascade of multiple signaling pathways.

Arsenic Trioxide Promotes Tumor Progression by Inducing the Formation of PGCCs and Embryonic Hemoglobin in Colon Cancer Cells.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, it is not effective in treating solid tumors such as colorectal cancer. We have previously reported that polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) exhibiting the characteristics of cancer stem cells can be generated by various inducers.

High Migration and Invasion Ability of PGCCs and Their Daughter Cells Associated With the Nuclear Localization of S100A10 Modified by SUMOylation.

Our previous studies have confirmed that cobalt chloride (CoCl) or chemoradiotherapy could induce the formation of polyploid tumor giant cells (PGCCs). Polyploid giant cancer cells are a special subpopulation of cancer cells that contribute to solid tumor heterogeneity. The size of PGCC was at least three times larger than regular diploid cancer cells.

Clinicopathological Significances of Cancer Stem Cell-Associated HHEX Expression in Breast Cancer.

Aberrant expression of the transcription factor hematopoietic ally expressed homeobox/proline-rich homeodomain (HHEX/PRH) is implicated in numerous cancers. However, the association of HHEX with breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. In this study, HHEX mRNA and protein expression were analyzed using the Oncomine, UALCAN, GEPIA, TCGAportal, and HPA databases.

Role of Transmembrane 4 L Six Family 1 in the Development and Progression of Cancer.

Transmembrane 4 L six family 1 (TM4SF1) is a protein with four transmembrane domains that belongs to the transmembrane 4 L six family members (TM4SFs). Structurally, TM4SF1 consists of four transmembrane domains (TM1-4), N- and C-terminal intracellular domains, two extracellular domains, a smaller domain between TM1 and TM2, and a larger domain between TM3 and TM4. Within the cell, TM4SF1 is located at the cell surface where it transmits extracellular signals into the cytoplasm.

Molecular Mechanism of Stem Cell Differentiation into Adipocytes and Adipocyte Differentiation of Malignant Tumor.

Adipogenesis is the process through which preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes. During this process, the preadipocytes cease to proliferate, begin to accumulate lipid droplets, and develop morphologic and biochemical characteristics of mature adipocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cells known for their high plasticity and capacity to generate mesodermal and nonmesodermal tissues.

FGFR2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway Involves in the Development of MMTV-Related Spontaneous Breast Cancer in TA2 Mice.

The Tientsin Albino 2 (TA2) mouse has a high incidence of spontaneous breast cancer (SBC) in the absence of external inducers or carcinogens. The initiation of SBC is related to mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) infection and pregnancy. Pathologic analysis showed that breast cancer cells in TA2 mice are triple negative.

Different p53 genotypes regulating different phosphorylation sites and subcellular location of CDC25C associated with the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells.

Background: Our previous studies have confirmed that cobalt chloride (CoCl) can induce the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), which is the key to the heterogeneity of solid tumors. PGCC formation is closely related to the abnormal expression of cell cycle-related proteins and cell fusion. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of PGCCs formation by detecting the expression of cell cycle-related proteins in mutant and wild-type p53 cancer cell lines.