Catastrophic health expenditure, incidence, trend and socioeconomic risk factors in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and trend of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) in China over the past 20 years and explore the socioeconomic factors affecting China's CHE rate.

Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook and reported according to PRISMA. We searched English and Chinese literature databases, including PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (CQVIP), and CBM (Sino Med), for empirical studies on the CHE rate in China and its associated socioeconomic factors from January 2000 to June 2020.

Amino acid-mediated aldolase immobilisation for enhanced catalysis and thermostability.

To improve the properties of the immobilised 2-deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA), unreacted functional groups on support surface were blocked with amino acids. The relative activities of the immobilised enzyme were 144.7 and 141.

A novel and efficient method for the immobilization of thermolysin using sodium chloride salting-in and consecutive microwave irradiation.

Sodium chloride salting-in and microwave irradiation were combined to drive thermolysin molecules into mesoporous support to obtain efficiently immobilized enzyme. When the concentration of sodium chloride was 3 M and microwave power was 40 W, 93.2% of the enzyme was coupled to the support by 3 min, and the maximum specific activity of the immobilized enzyme was 17,925.

Stable and efficient immobilization technique of aldolase under consecutive microwave irradiation at low temperature.

To establish a stable and efficient immobilization technique under microwave irradiation, a focused microwave reaction system was used, where the temperature was set appropriately in the microwave system and cooling module to produce consecutive microwave irradiation. 2-Deoxy-D-ribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) was rapidly and efficiently immobilized in mesocellular siliceous foams (MCFs) under microwave irradiation. When the output power in the microwave system was set to 30 W, after 3 min, 88.