Metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic resistance in primary and metastatic breast cancer.

Metabolic alterations, a hallmark of cancer, enable tumor cells to adapt to their environment by modulating glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, which fuels rapid growth and contributes to treatment resistance. In primary breast cancer, metabolic shifts such as the Warburg effect and enhanced lipid synthesis are closely linked to chemotherapy failure. Similarly, metastatic lesions often display distinct metabolic profiles that not only sustain tumor growth but also confer resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies.

Parthanatos initiated by ROS-induced DNA damage is involved in intestinal epithelial injury during necrotizing enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) involves intestinal epithelial damage and inflammatory response and is associated with high morbidity and mortality in infants. To improve therapeutic prospects, elucidating underlying molecular mechanisms of intestinal epithelial damage during NEC is of the essence. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1)-dependent parthanatos is a programmed inflammatory cell death.

Single-cell profiling reveals differences between human classical adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Colorectal cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Most colorectal cancers are classical adenocarcinoma, and mucinous adenocarcinoma is a unique histological subtype that is known to respond poorly to chemoradiotherapy. The difference in prognosis between mucinous adenocarcinoma and classical adenocarcinoma is controversial.

Induction of Trained Immunity Protects Neonatal Mice Against Microbial Sepsis by Boosting Both the Inflammatory Response and Antimicrobial Activity.

Background: Neonates are susceptible to a wide range of microbial infection and at a high risk to develop severe sepsis and septic shock. Emerged evidence has shown that induction of trained immunity triggers a much stronger inflammatory response in adult monocytes/macrophages, thereby conferring protection against microbial infection.

Methods: This study was carried out to examine whether trained immunity is inducible and exerts its protection against microbial sepsis in neonates.

Novel pharmacological inhibition of JMJD3 improves necrotizing enterocolitis by attenuating the inflammatory response and ameliorating intestinal injury.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an acute intestinal inflammatory disease of premature infants, is one of the leading causes of death in neonates. Effective measures for clinical treatment are limited and there is a pressing need in searching for new therapeutic strategies. Jumonji domain-containing protein D3 (JMJD3), a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase plays a proinflammatory role in sepsis and neuroinflammation.

Reduced Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis due to the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of CXCL14 in Intestinal Tissue.

Bioinformatic analysis indicated that downregulated CXCL14 will occur in the intestinal tissue of patients with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). To reveal the relationship between CXCL14 and mucosal immune regulation, we designed and implemented the experiments to explore the potential function of CXCL14 in the pathogenesis of NEC. Firstly, this study confirmed that the expression of CXCL14 decreased in the intestinal tract of NEC children.

Comprehensive Analysis of Subtype-Specific Molecular Characteristics of Colon Cancer: Specific Genes, Driver Genes, Signaling Pathways, and Immunotherapy Responses.

Colon cancer is a complex, heterogeneous disease. The Colorectal Cancer Subtyping Consortium reported a novel classification system for colon cancer in 2015 to better understand its heterogeneity. This molecular classification system divided colon cancer into four distinct consensus molecular subtypes (CMS 1, 2, 3, and 4).

A novel and safe approach: middle cranial approach for laparoscopic right hemicolon cancer surgery with complete mesocolic excision.

Background: Mastering right hemicolectomy techniques using laparoscopy in colorectal cancer surgery is very difficult. Although the long-term prognosis of laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (LRH) and complete mesocolic excision is unquestionable, different surgeons have their own opinions on routes of conducting LRH.

Objectives: LRH surgery is very complex due to the upper abdominal anatomical structure and vascular variation.

[Decreased number and immune activity of splenic T lymphocytes in mice exposed to hypoxia at high altitude].

Objective: To explore the changes of splenic T lymphocyte subsets and functions in mice under high-altitude hypoxic conditions.

Methods: After mice were exposed to an altitude of 400 m,2200 m and 4200 m for 30 days,ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of interleukin-4( IL-4) and interferon-γ( IFN-γ) in the cultured splenocyte supernatant; MTT assay was used to analyze the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes; flow cytometry was performed to examine the alterations of splenic T lymphocyte subsets.

Results: After exposed to hypoxia for 30 days,in comparison with the control group( 400 m),the spleen index of the mice increased significantly in both the 2200 m and 4200 m groups,and the spleen index of the 4200 m group was apparently higher than that of the 2200 m group; the concentration of IFN-γ in the splenocyte supernatant of the 4200 m and 2200 m groups significantly decreased,while the concentration of IL-4 had no obvious change.