Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Human Papillomavirus-Related Cancer Rates.

Importance: To inform the design and implementation of targeted interventions to reduce the future burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers in Texas, it is necessary to examine the county and health service region (HSR) levels of (1) the proportion of children and teenagers aged 9 to 17 years who initiated and were up to date for HPV vaccination series and (2) HPV-related cancer incidence rates (IRs).

Objective: To evaluate temporal trends and geospatial patterns of HPV vaccination initiation and up-to-date status as well as HPV-related cancer rates at county and HSR levels in Texas.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cross-sectional study used data from the Texas Immunization Registry, the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database, and Texas Department of State Health Services annual population counts from 2006 to 2022.

Trends in HPV-associated cancer incidence in Texas medically underserved regions.

Background: While cervical cancer incidence rates (IR) in the United States have dropped in the last 20 years, non-cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) associated cancers increased. Many people in Texas (TX) live in medically underserved areas and have higher risk of developing HPV-associated cancers. Since previous studies of these regions focused on cervical cancer, we included other HPV-associated cancers in our analysis of IR in East TX and the TX-Mexico Border compared to other TX regions.

Cervical Cancer Screening Utilization among Kidney Transplant Recipients, 2001 to 2018.

Background: Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) have elevated risks of cervical precancers and cancers and guidelines recommend more frequent cervical cancer screening exams. However, little is known about current trends in cervical cancer screening in this unique population. We described patterns in the uptake of cervical cancer screening exams among female KTRs and identified factors associated with screening utilization.

Temporal Trends in Treatment and Outcomes of Endometrial Carcinoma in the United States, 2005-2020.

Endometrial cancer has continued to see a rising incidence in the US over the years. The main aim of this study was to assess current trends in patients' characteristics and outcomes of treatment for endometrial carcinoma over 16 years. A dataset from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) for patients diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma from 2005 to 2020 was used in this retrospective, case series study.

Cost-Effectiveness of Population-Based Multigene Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Prevention.

Importance: The current method of BRCA testing for breast and ovarian cancer prevention, which is based on family history, often fails to identify many carriers of pathogenic variants. Population-based genetic testing offers a transformative approach in cancer prevention by allowing for proactive identification of any high-risk individuals and enabling early interventions.

Objective: To assess the lifetime incremental effectiveness, costs, and cost-effectiveness of population-based multigene testing vs family history-based testing.

One dose versus two doses of COVID-19 vaccine for the prevention of breakthrough infections among people previously infected with SARS-Cov-2.

Studies have suggested the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among those previously infected. However, it is not yet clear if one dose of the vaccine is enough to prevent breakthrough infections compared to two doses. Using data from Optum deidentified COVID-19 Electronic Health Record (EHR) data set, we assessed breakthrough infection risks in individuals previously infected, comparing those with one vaccine dose to those with two doses.

Cost Effectiveness of Additional Preoperative Telephone Call to Increase Surgical Preparedness: Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction And Hypothesis: There is a need for cost effective interventions that increase surgical preparedness in urogynecology.

Methods: We performed an ancillary prospective economic evaluation of the Telehealth Intervention to Increase Patient Preparedness for Surgery (TIPPS) Trial, a randomized multicenter trial that evaluated the impact of a preoperative telehealth call on surgical preparedness in women undergoing urogynecologic surgery. A within-trial analysis from the health care sector and societal perspective was performed.

Incomplete HPV Vaccination among Individuals Aged 27-45 Years in the United States: A Mixed-Effect Analysis of Individual and Contextual Factors.

In the United States, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is approved for use in individuals up to age 45. Individuals 15 years and older require three doses of the vaccine to complete the recommended dosing series. Incomplete HPV vaccination rates (i.

Incidence of human papillomavirus-related cancers among males and females aged 15-34 years in the United States.

Postmarket surveillance of the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers is essential to monitor the effectiveness of HPV vaccines. We directly compared HPV-related cancer incidences during the pre- and postvaccine era to assess the effects of HPV vaccination among vaccine-eligible age groups in the United States using data from the US Cancer Statistics database. The 5-year average annual incidence rates for HPV-related cancers decreased in 2015-2019 compared with 2002-2006 among females aged 15-24 years and 25-34 years.

Trends in Oropharyngeal Cancer Incidence Among Adult Men and Women in the United States From 2001 to 2018.

Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved in 2006 and has been shown to decrease vaccine-related HPV types in the oropharynx. Its impact on the incidence of HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has not been examined. We investigated the impact of HPV vaccination on the incidence of HPV-related OPSCC in the US among male and female adults from different age groups.

testing and testing results among women 18-65 years old.

Since the 1990 s discovery of and pathogenic variants in breast or ovarian cancer patients, genetic testing has been recommended as part of a targeted, individualized approach for cancer prevention and treatment in eligible individuals. The aim of this study was to assess trends in test rates and results among adult women aged 18 to 65 in the US between 2007 and 2017. Using Clinformatics© Data Mart (CDM) Electronic Health Records, we included 223,211 women 18-65 years old with documented testing results from 1/1/2007-9/30/2017.

Association of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination With the Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Anus in the US.

This cross-sectional study uses data from the US Cancer Statistics database to examine the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination with incidence of squamous cell carcinomas of the anus in a vaccine-eligible US cohort.

Trends in Positive BRCA Test Results Among Older Women in the United States, 2008-2018.

Importance: Genetic testing for BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants has been used for targeted, individualized cancer prevention and treatment. A positive BRCA test result indicates a higher risk for developing BRCA-related cancers. During the past decade, testing criteria have loosened.

Knowledge, Attitudes, Willingness to Pay, and Patient Preferences About Genetic Testing and Subsequent Risk Management for Cancer Prevention.

Knowledge, attitudes, and patient preferences about genetic testing and subsequent risk management for cancer prevention among average risk populations are understudied, especially among Hispanics. This study was to assess these items by conducting an in-person survey in this understudied population. We conducted in-person surveys using a self-administered, structured questionnaire among young women in 2017.

Infant vaccination education preferences among low-income pregnant women.

Childhood vaccination is an important public health intervention, yet many children remain under-vaccinated. The objective of this study was to examine infant vaccination education preferences in a population of low-income pregnant women by ethnicity, nativity, and language. Pregnant women 14-44 y old (n = 335) attending a participating low-income reproductive health clinic in southeast Texas from May 26-July 21, 2017, and who completed a paper survey offered in English and Spanish were included.

BRCA testing in unaffected young women in the United States, 2006-2017.

Background: The discovery of the BRCA gene in the 1990s created an opportunity for individualized cancer prevention. BRCA testing in young women before cancer onset enables early detection of those with an increased cancer risk and creates an opportunity to offer lifesaving prophylactic procedures and medications. This study assessed trends in BRCA testing in women younger than 40 years without diagnosed breast or ovarian cancer (unaffected young women [UYW]) for cancer prevention between 2006 and 2017 in the United States.

Breast Cancer Incidence by Stage Before and After Change in Screening Guidelines.

Introduction: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force changed breast cancer screening guidelines in November 2009 for mammograms in women aged 40-49 and 50-74 years.

Trends in breast cancer mortality by stage at diagnosis among young women in the United States.

Background: Assessing trends in breast cancer survival among young women who are largely unaffected by breast cancer screening will provide important information regarding improvements in the effectiveness of cancer care for breast cancer in the last few decades.

Methods: The cohort for this study consisted of women who were diagnosed with breast cancer between ages 20 and 39 years from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program's 9-registry areas from 1975 to 2015. Trends in the breast cancer incidence rate and survival were assessed among young women.

Cervical Cancer Incidence in Young U.S. Females After Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Introduction.

Introduction: Since 2006, human papillomavirus vaccine has been recommended for young females in the U.S. This study aimed to compare cervical cancer incidence among young women before and after the human papillomavirus vaccine was introduced.

How cognitive and reactive fear circuits optimize escape decisions in humans.

Flight initiation distance (FID), the distance at which an organism flees from an approaching threat, is an ecological metric of cost-benefit functions of escape decisions. We adapted the FID paradigm to investigate how fast- or slow-attacking "virtual predators" constrain escape decisions. We show that rapid escape decisions rely on "reactive fear" circuits in the periaqueductal gray and midcingulate cortex (MCC), while protracted escape decisions, defined by larger buffer zones, were associated with "cognitive fear" circuits, which include posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, circuits implicated in more complex information processing, cognitive avoidance strategies, and behavioral flexibility.

Prevention Practices among United States Pregnant Women Who Travel to Zika Outbreak Areas.

We surveyed pregnant women from the United States to assess the prevention practices they used when traveling to countries with ongoing Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks. Of the 749 who agreed to participate, 710 completed the survey's travel questions and 59 of those had traveled to a ZIKV outbreak area in the past 12 months. Only 43% of the women who had traveled to ZIKV outbreak areas reported frequently using mosquito repellant with 32% stating they did not use it at all.

HPV Vaccination Among Foreign-Born Women: Examining the National Health Interview Survey 2013-2015.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus vaccination is less prevalent among foreign-born than U.S.-born women and may lead to disparities in human papillomavirus-related cancers in the future.