Starch digestion and physiochemical properties of a newly developed rice variety with low glycemic index.

This study aimed to clarify the starch digestion characteristics and related physicochemical properties of the newly developed low-GI rice variety, Ditangliangyou 335 (D335), in comparison with two widely grown rice varieties, Xiangzaoxian 45 (X45) and Zhongzao 39 (Z39). The results showed that D335 had an active digestion duration (286 min) that was 101-190 % shorter, a glucose production rate (1.06 mg g min) that was 57-73 % slower, and a total glucose production (303 mg g) that was 11-19 % less than X45 and Z39.

How much does the carcinogenic risk of inorganic arsenic exposure from rice increase with higher brown rice consumption? An estimation for five regions around the world.

Substituting brown rice for white rice can increase the carcinogenic risk of inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure, given that brown rice has a higher iAs content than white rice. This study estimated changes in the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of iAs exposure from rice with increases in the proportion of brown to total rice consumption (PBT) in five regions around the world, including North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. The results demonstrated that the magnitude of the increase in the ILCR of iAs exposure from rice expressed as an increase in PBT, ranged from 0.

Lysine content and its relationship with protein content in rice landraces of China.

Lysine is a limiting essential amino acid in rice. This study determined the variation in lysine content and evaluated the relationship between lysine and protein content in rice landraces of four provinces (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, and Sichuan) in China by using the data ( = 654) collected from the Chinese Crop Germplasm Information System. Results showed that grain lysine content ranged from 0.

Correction: Yield performance of early-season rice cultivars grown in the late season of double-season crop production under machine-transplanted conditions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Estimating the expected planting area of double- and single-season rice in the Hunan-Jiangxi region of China by 2030.

The development of double-season rice cropping systems has made a considerable contribution toward achieving rice self-sufficiency in China. However, the planting area for double-season rice has sharply decreased in the Hunan-Jiangxi region (the most important producing region of double-season rice in China) as a result of the conversion from double- to single-season rice cropping systems (referred as the rice "double-to-single" phenomenon). Due to concerns about the negative effect of the "double-to-single" phenomenon on rice self-sufficiency in China, we have estimated the planting area of double- and single-season rice in the Hunan-Jiangxi region that will be needed by 2030 to maintain the contribution to China's rice production, based on the most recent 10 years (2011-2020) of historical data available.

testing indicates an accelerated rate of digestion of starch into glucose of cooked rice with the development of low amylose rice in China.

The consumption of low amylose rice has substantially increased in China in recent years. This study showed that the starch digestion process was distinctly different between a group of commercial rice samples (CR,  = 34) with low amylose content (14-20%) and a group of control rice samples (CK,  = 16) with high amylose content (24-30%). In particular, the CR group had an active digestion duration that was ∼ 90% shorter and a rate of glucose production within the active digestion duration that was nearly 50% higher compared to the CK group.

Comparing texture and digestion properties between white and brown rice of indica cultivars preferred by Chinese consumers.

The consumption of good tasting rice, mainly soft-textured white rice with low amylose content, has substantially increased in China as living standards improve. However, this diet change may increase the risk of developing type II diabetes because the soft-textured white rice is generally less resistant to digestion and has a higher glycemic index. In contrast, intake of brown rice is inversely associated with type II diabetes risk.

Yield and quality of brown rice noodles processed from early-season rice grains.

Producing rice noodles using early-season rice grains is a way to bypass difficulties in marketing early-season rice that does not meet consumer preference for soft-textured rice. In recent years, brown rice foods including noodles have attracted great attention due to their health and nutritional benefits. This study was conducted to evaluate the yield and quality of brown rice noodles processed from two early-season rice cultivars.

Biochar Application Mitigates the Effect of Heat Stress on Rice ( L.) by Regulating the Root-Zone Environment.

Coping with global warming by developing effective agricultural strategies is critical to global rice ( L.) production and food security. In 2020, we observed that the effect of heat stress on rice plants was mitigated by biochar application (40 g kg soil) in a pot experiment with six consecutive days (6-11 days after transplanting) of daily mean temperatures beyond the critical high temperature (33°C) for tillering in rice.

Proteomic profiling reveals differentially expressed proteins associated with amylose accumulation during rice grain filling.

Background: Amylose accumulation in rice grains is controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Amylose content is a determinant factor of rice quality in terms of cooking and eating. Great variations in amylose content in indica rice cultivars have been observed.

Genotypic variation in the grain photosynthetic contribution to grain filling in rice.

Grain filling in rice, a staple cereal crop worldwide, is a critical determinant of grain yield and quality. However, there is little available information on the relationship between grain filling and grain photosynthetic capacity in rice. This study evaluated the genetic diversity among six rice cultivars for their grain filling rate (GR) and the relationships with the grain chlorophyll contents and grain net photosynthetic rate (P).

Soil bacterial communities in three rice-based cropping systems differing in productivity.

Soil microorganisms play an important role in determining productivity of agro-ecosystems. This study was conducted to compare diversity, richness, and structure (relative abundance at the phylum level) of soil bacterial communities among three rice-based cropping systems, namely, a winter fallow-rice-rice (FRR), green manure (Chinese milk vetch)-rice-rice (MRR), and oilseed rape-rice-rice (ORR), in which MRR and ORR had significantly higher productivity than FRR. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that no significant differences were observed in diversity and richness indices (observed species, Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, abundance-based coverage estimators, and phylogeny-based metrics) of soil bacterial communities among the three cropping systems.

Primary-tiller panicle number is critical to achieving high grain yields in machine-transplanted hybrid rice.

The development of machine-transplanted hybrid rice is a feasible approach to meet the needs of both high grain yield and high labor efficiency in China, but limited information is available on the critical plant traits associated with high grain yields in machine-transplanted hybrid rice. This study was carried out to identify which type of culms (i.e.

Grain filling of early-season rice cultivars grown under mechanical transplanting.

High yields of mechanized intensive rice-based cropping systems, e.g. double-season cropping using early- and late-season rice, are important to ensure national food security in China.

Contrasting change in biomass translocation with environment in two rice hybrids.

Translocation of biomass produced during pre-heading to grains is a determinant of grain yield, but also plays an important role in adaptation to unfavorable environments during post-heading in rice. In this study, field experiments were conducted to determine the critical factors that regulate biomass translocation in rice. Biomass translocation and production characteristics of two rice hybrids (Guiliangyou 2 and Y-liangyou 1) were compared between two site-year environments (Naning-2014 and Yongan-2018).

Quantifying accumulation characteristics of glutelin and prolamin in rice grains.

Glutelin and prolamin are the two major proteins in rice grains. Grain content of glutelin is considerably higher than that of prolamin in rice, but there is limited information on the factors determining the different grain contents of glutelin and prolamin. To address this knowledge gap, the present study compared final weight per grain and accumulation characteristics of glutelin and prolamin in four rice cultivars.

Yield performance of early-season rice cultivars grown in the late season of double-season crop production under machine-transplanted conditions.

In order to solve the problem of labor shortage in double-season rice production areas, machine transplanting, as opposed to manual transplanting, has become the more popular alternative method in rice cultivation. However, the most existing late rice cultivars are not suitable for machine double-season rice cultivation due to their long duration of growth. Therefore, based on the previous studies we chose early season rice cultivars to meet the needs of machine double-season rice cultivation.

Urea application promotes amino acid metabolism and membrane lipid peroxidation in Azolla.

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of urea on nitrogen metabolism and membrane lipid peroxidation in Azolla pinnata. Compared to controls, the application of urea to A. pinnata resulted in a 44% decrease in nitrogenase activity, no significant change in glutamine synthetase activity, 660% higher glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, 39% increase in free amino acid levels, 22% increase in malondialdehyde levels, 21% increase in Na+/K+- levels, 16% increase in Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase levels, and 11% decrease in superoxide dismutase activity.

Rice Yield and the Fate of Fertilizer Nitrogen as Affected by Addition of Earthworm Casts Collected from Oilseed Rape Fields: A Pot Experiment.

The mechanism associated with improvement of soil nutritional status by oilseed rape crop, leading to better performance of rice crop, in rice-oilseed rape cropping systems is little known. The present study was aimed to test the hypothesis that earthworm casts produced during oilseed rape-growing season have positive effects on grain yield and fertilizer nitrogen (N) utilization in the subsequent flooded rice crop. A 15N-tracing pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of earthworm casts collected from oilseed rape fields on yield attributes in rice and the fate of fertilizer N.

Temperature-Related Yield Constraints of Early-Rice in South China: A Cross-Location Analysis.

Warm temperature during post-heading is generally hypothesized to be the critical factor limiting grain yield of early-rice in South China. However, there is no direct evidence to confirm this hypothesis in the field. This study was conducted to determine the temperature-related yield constraints of early-rice in South China.

Root Morphology Was Improved in a Late-Stage Vigor Super Rice Cultivar.

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that root morphology might be improved and consequently contributing to superior post-heading shoot growth and grain yield in late-stage vigor super rice. A pot experiment was carried out to compare yield attributes, shoot growth and physiological properties and root morphological traits between a late-stage vigor super rice cultivar (Y-liangyou 087) and an elite rice cultivar (Teyou 838). Grain yield and total shoot biomass were 7-9% higher in Y-liangyou 087 than in Teyou 838.