Identification and validation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell abundance characteristics in bloodstream infection by integrative bioinformatics analysis.

() is an opportunistic pathogen that could cause life-threatening bloodstream infections. The objective of this study was to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers of bloodstream infection. Gene expression dataset GSE33341 was optimized as the discovery dataset, which contained samples from human and mice.

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of daptomycin non-susceptible strains selected by adaptive laboratory evolution.

Background: Daptomycin non-susceptible (DNS) strains pose a serious clinical threat, yet their characteristics remain poorly understood.

Methods: DNS derivatives were generated by exposing strains to subinhibitory concentrations of daptomycin. Competition experiment and growth kinetics experiment were used to observe the growth of bacteria.

LuxS/AI-2 system facilitates the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant plasmids in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Plasmid conjugation is a central mechanism driving the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, the conjugative operon requires specific stimuli for activation. Identifying signals and elucidating the underlying mechanisms is crucial in combating plasmid spread.

The roles of cell wall inhibition responsive protein CwrA in the pathogenicity of .

The ability to form robust biofilms and secrete a diverse array of virulence factors are key pathogenic determinants of , causing a wide range of infectious diseases. Here, we characterized as a VraR-regulated gene encoding a cell wall inhibition-responsive protein (CwrA) using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. We constructed deletion mutants in the genetic background of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) strains.

Insights into small-molecule compound CY-158-11 antibacterial activity against .

Unlabelled: The widespread prevalence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, coupled with the diminishing supply of new antibiotics, emphasize the pressing necessity for the exploration of innovative antibacterial agents. Previously, we detailed the impact of the small-molecule compound CY-158-11 on biofilm. By hindering adhesion and PIA-mediated biofilm formation, subinhibitory concentrations of CY-158-11 exhibit antibiofilm activity toward .

In vivo CRISPR screens identify a dual function of MEN1 in regulating tumor-microenvironment interactions.

Functional genomic screens in two-dimensional cell culture models are limited in identifying therapeutic targets that influence the tumor microenvironment. By comparing targeted CRISPR-Cas9 screens in a two-dimensional culture with xenografts derived from the same cell line, we identified MEN1 as the top hit that confers differential dropout effects in vitro and in vivo. MEN1 knockout in multiple solid cancer types does not impact cell proliferation in vitro but significantly promotes or inhibits tumor growth in immunodeficient or immunocompetent mice, respectively.

Phenotypic and genomic analysis of the hypervirulent methicillin-resistant ST630 clone in China.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) sequence type 630 (ST630) is a rarely reported lineage worldwide. This study aimed to trace the dissemination of the emerging MRSA ST630 clones in China and investigate their virulence potential. We collected 22 ST630-MRSA isolates from across China and performed whole-genome sequencing analysis and virulence characterization on these isolates.

Biofilm-producing ability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinically isolated in China.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus, a commensal bacterium, colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of approximately 30% of the human population. Apart from conventional resistance mechanisms, one of the pathogenic features of S. aureus is its ability to survive in a biofilm state on both biotic and abiotic surfaces.

Characteristic of KPC-12, a KPC Variant Conferring Resistance to Ceftazidime-Avibactam in the Carbapenem-Resistant ST11-KL47 Clone Background.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) infections are a great threat to public health worldwide. Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is an effective -lactam/-lactamase inhibitors against CRKP. However, reports of resistance to CZA, mainly caused by carbapenemase (KPC) variants, have increased in recent years.

Rapid detection of clarithromycin resistance in clinical samples of nontuberculous mycobacteria by nucleotide MALDI-TOF MS.

The multidrug resistance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) poses a significant therapeutic challenge. Rapid and reliable drug susceptibility testing is urgently needed for evidence-based treatment decision, especially for macrolides. This study evaluated the utility of nucleotide matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (NMTMS) in detecting clarithromycin resistance.

Transmission of fluoroquinolones resistance among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Shanghai, China: a retrospective population-based genomic epidemiology study.

Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are essential for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The FQ resistance (FQ-R) rate in MDR-TB in China and its risk factors remain poorly understood. We conducted a retrospective, population-based genomic epidemiology study of MDR-TB patients in Shanghai, China, from 2009 to 2018.

Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Linezolid, Clofazimine, and Capreomycin MIC Distributions for Drug Resistance in Shanghai, China.

Background: New antituberculosis drugs have recently been approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis TB (MDR-TB). We aimed to describe the distributions of bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, clofazimine, and capreomycin MIC values for .

Methods: clinical isolates were originally isolated from 2020 to 2021 from 1452 different pulmonary tuberculosis patients of the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital in China.

Polymyxin B and fusidic acid, a novel potent synergistic combination against and isolates with polymyxin B resistance.

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria and comparatively limited options of antibiotics pose a major threat to public health worldwide. Polymyxin B is the last resort against extensively resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, a large number of Gram-negative bacteria exhibited high-level resistance to Polymyxin B, bringing challenges for antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Assessment of the Cepheid 3-gene Host Response Fingerstick Blood Test (MTB-HR) on rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis.

The World Health Organization has identified high-priority target product profiles for new TB diagnostics which include rapid biomarker-based, non-sputum-based diagnostic testing, using an easily accessible sample. The Cepheid 3-gene Host Response Fingerstick Blood Prototype Test (MTB-HR) quantifies relative mRNA levels of a 3-gene signature (, , and ) from a whole-blood sample on the GeneXpert platform. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the MTB-HR to distinguish between active tuberculosis (ATB), latent infection (LTBI), other pulmonary diseases, and healthy volunteers at a tertiary care centre.

A novel small-molecule compound S-342-3 effectively inhibits the biofilm formation of .

Biofilms are an important virulence factor in and are characterized by a structured microbial community consisting of bacterial cells and a secreted extracellular polymeric matrix. Inhibition of biofilm formation is an effective measure to control infection. Here, we have synthesized a small molecule compound S-342-3, which exhibits potent inhibition of biofilm formation in both MRSA and MSSA.

Genomic Analysis of Carbapenem-Resistant Hypervirulent in a Chinese Tertiary Hospital.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent (CR-hvKP) has become a clinical crisis and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of CR-hvKP has trended upward since 2010. This study aims to describe the clinical and genomic characteristics of CR-hvKP collected from a tertiary hospital in eastern China, from August 2020 to October 2021.

Risk factors for microbiological persistence after 6 months of treatment for and its impact on the drug-resistance profile.

Patients with pulmonary disease are more likely to experience poor treatment outcomes if they have been observed with microbiological persistence after 6 months of treatment. This study aims to identify the risk factors for microbiological persistence and describe the changes in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) during antimycobacterial treatment. This retrospective case-control study enrolled patients diagnosed with pulmonary disease between April 2017 and September 2021 at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital.

Diagnosis of mixed infection and a primary immunodeficiency disease using next-generation sequencing: a case report.

Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (MHC II) deficiency is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) with autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. The outcome is almost fatal owing to delayed diagnosis and lacking of effective therapy. Therefore, prompt diagnosis, timely and effective treatment are critical.