Upregulation of PD-L1 by SARS-CoV-2 promotes immune evasion.

Patients with severe COVID-19 often suffer from lymphopenia, which is linked to T-cell sequestration, cytokine storm, and mortality. However, it remains largely unknown how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces lymphopenia. Here, we studied the transcriptomic profile and epigenomic alterations involved in cytokine production by SARS-CoV-2-infected cells.

[Inhibition of angiogenesis of LCI-D20 hepatocellular carcinoma by metronomic chemotherapy of S-1].

Objective: To investigate the role of metronomic chemotherapy of S-1 on angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in animal model.

Method: S-1 was dissolved in a 0.5% (w/v) HPMC solution.