Baseline predictors associated with successful weight loss among breast cancer survivors in the Lifestyle, Exercise, and Nutrition (LEAN) study.

Purpose: To investigate participant characteristics associated with clinically meaningful weight loss (≥ 5% weight loss) among breast cancer survivors participating in the Lifestyle, Exercise, and Nutrition (LEAN) study.

Methods: Female breast cancer survivors with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m were enrolled in a 6-month weight loss intervention. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine baseline predictors of clinically meaningful weight loss (< vs.

Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for pain management for veterans separating from military service: study protocol of a hybrid type 2 study testing implementation facilitation versus training-as-usual.

Background: Veterans transitioning to civilian life often have chronic pain from service-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) with higher risk for substance misuse. Many seek VA (Department of Veterans Affairs) compensation for MSD. Use of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Pain Management (SBIRT-PM) by VA Post-9/11 Military2VA (M2VA) case managers presents an opportunity to engage these veterans in VA pain care and address substance misuse.

Improving lifestyle behaviors during chemotherapy for breast cancer: The Lifestyle, Exercise, and Nutrition Early After Diagnosis (LEANer) Trial.

Background: Little is known about improving physical activity (PA) and diet during and after chemotherapy for breast cancer. This secondary analysis examines changes in PA and diet quality during a yearlong intervention for patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and evaluates factors associated with these changes.

Methods: Newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer (N = 173) undergoing chemotherapy were randomized to a year-long nutrition and exercise intervention (n = 87) or usual care (UC, n = 86).

Randomized Trial of Exercise and Nutrition on Chemotherapy Completion and Pathologic Complete Response in Women With Breast Cancer: The Lifestyle, Exercise, and Nutrition Early After Diagnosis Study.

Purpose: Successful completion of chemotherapy is critical to improve breast cancer outcomes. Relative dose intensity (RDI), defined as the ratio of chemotherapy delivered to prescribed, is a measure of chemotherapy completion and is associated with cancer mortality. The effect of exercise and eating a healthy diet on RDI is unknown.

Effect of Exercise on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Among Patients Treated for Ovarian Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), one of the most common and severe adverse effects of chemotherapy, is associated with worse quality of life among survivors of ovarian cancer. Currently, there is no effective treatment for CIPN.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention vs attention-control on CIPN among women treated for ovarian cancer in the Women's Activity and Lifestyle Study in Connecticut (WALC) to provide evidence to inform the guidelines and recommendations for prevention or treatment of CIPN.

Randomized trial of exercise on cancer-related blood biomarkers and survival in women with ovarian cancer.

Background: In randomized trials in women with breast cancer, exercise has been shown to have beneficial effects on cancer-related circulating biomarkers that may impact survival. Such studies are lacking for ovarian cancer.

Methods: This secondary analysis of a published randomized controlled trial examined the impact of a 6-month exercise intervention versus attention-control on change in prespecified circulating biomarkers (cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), insulin and leptin) in a subset of participants who provided a fasting blood draw (N = 104/144) at enrollment and at 6 months.

Efficacy of Osimertinib in Patients with Lung Cancer Positive for Uncommon EGFR Exon 19 Deletion Mutations.

Purpose: The uncommon EGFR exon 19 deletion (ex19del), L747_A750>P, demonstrates reduced sensitivity to osimertinib compared with the common ex19del, E746_A750del in preclinical models. The clinical efficacy of osimertinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring L747_A750>P and other uncommon ex19dels is not known.

Experimental Design: The AACR GENIE database was interrogated to characterize the frequency of individual ex19dels relative to other variants, and a multicenter retrospective cohort was used to compare clinical outcomes for patients with tumors harboring E746_A750del, L747_A750>P, and other uncommon ex19dels who received osimertinib in the first line (1L) or in second or later lines of therapy and were T790M+ (≥2L).

Exercise adherence in a randomized controlled trial of exercise on quality of life in ovarian cancer survivors.

Purpose: Factors associated with improving exercise in ovarian cancer survivors remain unknown. We explored characteristics associated with exercise adherence among women treated for ovarian cancer in the Women's Activity and Lifestyle Study in Connecticut (WALC) randomized controlled trial.

Methods: We evaluated adherence among women randomized to the WALC exercise intervention (N = 74).

Effect of exercise on body composition among women with ovarian cancer.

Purpose: Obesity is associated with a higher risk of mortality in women with ovarian cancer. Exercise has improved body composition among cancer survivors, yet no randomized controlled trial has explored the effect of exercise on body composition in women with ovarian cancer. In this analysis, we examined the effect of a six-month aerobic exercise intervention on body composition among ovarian cancer survivors in the Women's Activity and Lifestyle Study in Connecticut (WALC).

Impact of a randomized weight loss trial on breast tissue markers in breast cancer survivors.

Few trials have examined the effect of lifestyle behavioral interventions on tissue markers in patients with cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and impact of a 6-month weight loss intervention on breast tissue and serum biomarkers in women with breast cancer. Fifty-one women who completed breast cancer treatment and had a BMI ≥ 25.

Dietary Supplement Use and Interactions with Tamoxifen and Aromatase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer Survivors Enrolled in Lifestyle Interventions.

The use of dietary supplements is common in the general population and even more prevalent among cancer survivors. The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research specifies that dietary supplements should not be used for cancer prevention. Several dietary supplements have potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions that may change their clinical efficacy or potentiate adverse effects of the adjuvant endocrine therapy prescribed for breast cancer treatment.

Skin Cancer Incidence in Organ Transplant Recipients Referred for Benign Skin Conditions.

Background: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at ∼100-fold increased risk for developing skin cancers compared with the general population, with increased morbidity and mortality. These patients are closely followed by dermatology; however, it is unclear how referral reasons from nondermatologic providers affect care in these patients.

Objective: This study examines the reason SOTRs are referred to dermatologic care by nondermatologic providers as a potential predictor of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) outcomes.

Effect of healthy diet and exercise on chemotherapy completion rate in women with breast cancer: The Lifestyle, Exercise and Nutrition Early after Diagnosis (LEANer) study: Study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Background: The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Cancer Society provide nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors. Many women with breast cancer do not follow these guidelines and delay efforts toward following them until active treatment is complete. However, adoption of these recommended lifestyle behaviors soon after diagnosis may prevent adverse treatment-related side effects and may improve adherence to treatment, resulting in improved breast cancer prognosis.

A Brief Negotiation Interview Adherence Scale for Smoking Cessation: A psychometric evaluation.

Practitioner adherence to the Brief Negotiation Interview (BNI) for high-risk alcohol consumption and opioid use disorder can be measured using the BNI Adherence Scale, for alcohol (BAS-A) and opioids (BAS-O), respectively. However, no psychometrically validated brief intervention adherence scale for smoking cessation has been reported in the literature. Our objective was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of a BAS for smoking cessation (BASS).

Randomized trial of weight loss on circulating ghrelin levels among breast cancer survivors.

Obesity among breast cancer survivors is associated with increased risk for recurrence and mortality. The hormone ghrelin plays a role in initiating appetite and thus regulating body weight. This study aims to determine the effect of a lifestyle intervention on ghrelin levels in breast cancer survivors with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the treatment of pancreaticopleural fistula in children.

Background: Pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF) is a rare disease, especially in children. Conservative treatment and surgery are traditional therapies, but surgery is invasive. The emergence of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has provided a new noninvasive treatment for PPF and may become the first choice for children with PPF.

Depression predicts cognitive and functional decline one month after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (Neuropsychiatric Outcomes After Heart Surgery study).

Background: Prior research on cognitive and functional outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has largely explored these two domains in isolation. In this study, we assess baseline depression and cognition as risk factors for decline in the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum-of-Boxes (CDR-SB) 1 month post-CABG surgery, which a combined measure of cognition and function.

Design: The Neuropsychiatric Outcomes After Heart Surgery study is a prospective observational cohort study.

Challenges encountered and lessons learned during a trial of an electronic hand hygiene monitoring system.

Background: Automated hand hygiene monitoring systems (AHHMS) are being developed to supplement direct observations of hand hygiene (HH). We compared compliance rates generated by direct observations and by a badge-based AHHMS.

Methods: Observations of HH compliance were conducted in a surgical intensive care unit (SICU) and a general medical ward (GMW) during a 7-month baseline period and a 13-week intervention period, when compliance was also estimated using an AHHMS.

Endocrine-related quality of life in a randomized trial of exercise on aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgias in breast cancer survivors.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of a 12-month exercise intervention on endocrine-related quality of life (QOL) and overall QOL among breast cancer survivors with aromatase inhibitor (AI)-induced arthralgia in the Hormones and Physical Exercise (HOPE) Study.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial of 121 breast cancer survivors who were currently receiving AIs and experiencing at least mild arthralgia. QOL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) questionnaires and the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.

Randomized controlled trial of weight loss versus usual care on telomere length in women with breast cancer: the lifestyle, exercise, and nutrition (LEAN) study.

Purpose: Some studies suggest that telomere shortening may be associated with increased breast cancer risk and mortality. Obesity is also associated with increased breast cancer risk and mortality. Few studies have examined changes in telomere length in overweight or obese breast cancer survivors.

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Compared With Immunocompetent Patients.

Importance: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have a 100-fold increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and they may develop more aggressive SCCs compared with immunocompetent individuals.

Objective: To compare outcomes associated with aggressive behavior of SCC in SOTRs and high-risk immunocompetent patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective cohort study of 58 SOTRs and 40 immunocompetent patients evaluated at the Yale Transplant Dermatology Clinic in New Haven, Connecticut, who had at least 1 SCC confirmed histopathologically between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2015.

Current carried by the Slc26 family member prestin does not flow through the transporter pathway.

Prestin in the lateral membrane of outer hair cells, is responsible for electromotility (EM) and a corresponding nonlinear capacitance (NLC). Prestin's voltage sensitivity is influenced by intracellular chloride. A regulator of intracellular chloride is a stretch-sensitive, non-selective conductance within the lateral membrane, G.

An interventionist adherence scale for a specialized brief negotiation interview focused on treatment engagement for opioid use disorders.

Background: No psychometrically validated instrument for evaluating the extent to which interventionists correctly implement brief interventions designed to motivate treatment engagement for opioid use disorders has been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Brief Negotiation Interview (BNI) Adherence Scale for Opioid Use Disorders (BAS-O).

Methods: In the context of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of 3 models of emergency department care for opioid use disorders, the authors developed and subsequently examined the psychometric properties of the BAS-O, a 38-item scale that required raters to answer whether or not ("Yes" or "No") each of the critical actions of the BNI was correctly implemented by the research interventionist.