Detection and Mitigation of SYN Flooding Attacks through SYN/ACK Packets and Black/White Lists.

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new network architecture that provides programmable networks, more efficient network management, and centralized control than traditional networks. The TCP SYN flooding attack is one of the most aggressive network attacks that can seriously degrade network performance. This paper proposes detection and mitigation modules against SYN flooding attacks in SDN.

Pediatric Malignant Atrophic Papulosis.

Malignant atrophic papulosis (MAP), also known as Degos disease, is an extremely rare disease that is characterized by its unique skin presentation (namely, central, porcelain-white atrophic lesions with a telangiectatic rim). MAP has the following 2 variants: cutaneous MAP is manifested in the skin alone, whereas systemic MAP affects the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, lungs, and other internal organs. Some patients who presented with only cutaneous symptoms at first may develop systemic symptoms several years later.

Pathological features and their prognostic impacts on oral cavity cancer patients among different subsites - A singe institute's experience in Taiwan.

We investigated the relationship of different primary subsites together with their pathological features on the survival of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) patients. We retrospectively reviewed OCSCC patients and documented their demographic data, pathological features and clinical outcome. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the influence of various pathological features on the prognosis in different subsites of oral cavity.

Langerhans Cell Sarcoma in a Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Patient Undergoing Imatinib Mesylate Therapy: A Case Study and Review of the Literature.

Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a rare malignancy requiring differential diagnosis from other high-grade nonhematologic and hematologic tumors. The pathogenesis of LCS remains unknown. Notably, LCS and its benign counterpart, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), are frequently associated with other malignancies.

Extraosseous benign notochordal cell tumor presenting as bilateral pulmonary nodules.

Intraosseous benign notochordal cell tumors are rare and the likely precursors of chordoma. Extraosseous benign notochordal cell tumors have been reported in only 2 patients, and both presented as solitary pulmonary nodules. Here, we report a 53-year-old woman with an incidental finding of small nodules bilaterally in the lungs.

A 28 year old lady with a pituitary mass.

We present a case of an atypical pituitary adenoma with prominent lymphocyte infiltration and germinal center formation. Histologically, the tumor revealed clusters of large pleomorphic cells with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, smudgy chromatin, and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. There was heavy lymphocyte infiltration and prominent germinal center formation.

A 32-year-old man with a fourth ventricular mass.

Lipoastrocytomas are rare and only four cases have been reported previously. Our case is in the fourth ventricle of a 32 year-old man.Many areas showed tumor cells with a signet-ring appearance and focally formed perivascular arrangements.

Elevated plasma osteopontin level is associated with occurrence of psoriasis and is an unfavorable cardiovascular risk factor in patients with psoriasis.

Background: The association between psoriasis and cardiovascular diseases is well documented yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

Objectives: We sought to study the role of circulating osteopontin (OPN) in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in patients with psoriasis.

Methods: Plasma samples from 40 patients with psoriasis and 37 control subjects were collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

An outbreak of foodborne botulism in Taiwan.

Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic disease caused by botulinum toxin. We report an outbreak of type B botulism in Taiwan in 2006. There were five cases involved in this outbreak.

Synchronous gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor and signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma: a case report.

Synchronous tumors of the stomach are uncommon. We present a unique case of gastric synchronous tumors composed of signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The two tumors arose at the same site and were sharply juxtaposed without intermingling of morphologically distinct elements.

Epithelioid angiosarcoma arising in a deep-seated plexiform schwannoma: a case report and literature review.

Angiosarcoma developing within a schwannoma is rare, and only 8 cases have been reported in the literature. Its association with a plexiform schwannoma has never been reported. We describe an epithelioid angiosarcoma arising in a plexiform schwannoma of the sciatic nerve in a 73-year-old man not known to have von Recklinghausen disease.

Thyroid involvement in Rosai-Dorfman disease.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) with thyroid involvement is extremely rare; we herein present the sixth known case with a review of the previously reported five cases and discuss the clinicopathological characteristics of this entity. RDD with thyroid involvement has occurred only in females with a mean age of 56.3 years, which is significantly different from nodal RDD predominantly seen in young males.