Baicalein protects against retinal ischemia by antioxidation, antiapoptosis, downregulation of HIF-1α, VEGF, and MMP-9 and upregulation of HO-1.

Purpose: Retinal ischemia-associated ocular disorders are vision threatening. This study examined whether the flavonoid baicalein is able to protect against retinal ischemia/reperfusion.

Methods: Using rats, the intraocular pressure was raised to 120 mmHg for 60 min to induce retinal ischemia.

Resveratrol mitigates rat retinal ischemic injury: the roles of matrix metalloproteinase-9, inducible nitric oxide, and heme oxygenase-1.

Purpose: Retinal ischemia-associated ocular disorders, such as retinal occlusive disorders, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma are vision-threatening. In this study, we examined whether and by what mechanisms resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red wine, is able to protect against retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Methods: In vivo rat retinal ischemia was induced by high intraocular pressure (HIOP), namely, 120 mmHg for 60 min.

Baicalein significantly protects human retinal pigment epithelium cells against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species and downregulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor.

Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly. At a later stage, neovascular or exudative age-related macular degeneration can lead to severe central vision loss that is related to aging-associated cumulative oxidative stress of the human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) cells. Early prevention with antioxidants is mandatory.

Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of mannitol during H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human retinal pigment epithelium cells.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly. At a later stage, neovascular or exudative AMD can lead to severe central vision loss that is related to aging-associated cumulative oxidative stress of the human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) and choroid capillary. Early prevention with antioxidants is mandatory.

Ferulic acid, but not tetramethylpyrazine, significantly attenuates retinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced alterations by acting as a hydroxyl radical scavenger.

Purpose: Ischemia plays an important role in glaucomatous optic neuropathy and retinal vascular occlusive disorders, which renders investigation vital.

Methods: Retinal ischemia was induced by raising intraocular pressure to 120 mmHg. Its mechanism and management was evaluated by measuring (*)OH levels, electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave amplitudes, immunohisto-chemistry, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Low prevalence of RET rearrangements (RET/PTC1, RET/PTC2, RET/PTC3, and ELKS-RET) in sporadic papillary thyroid carcinomas in Taiwan Chinese.

Somatic rearrangement of the tyrosine kinase receptor RET is restricted to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The prevalence of RET/PTC1, RET/PTC2, and RET/PTC3 has been found to vary between 0% and 20% in most series of sporadic (nonradiation-induced) PTCs analyzed by type-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) alone. However, high prevalence reported from Taiwan (6 out of 11, 55%) indicates RET rearrangement is an important genetic lesion underlying the development of PTC in Taiwan.

Overexpression of tumor susceptibility gene TSG101 in human papillary thyroid carcinomas.

Functional inactivation of tumor susceptibility gene tsg101 leads to cellular transformation and tumorigenesis in mice. While human TSG101 is located in a region where frequent loss of heterozygosity can be detected in a variety of cancers, no genomic deletion in TSG101 gene has been reported, casting a doubt on the role of TSG101 as a classical tumor suppressor. Some studies have revealed that TSG101 is a frequent target of splicing defects, which correlate with cellular stress and p53 status.