Enzymatic treatment for controlling irreversible membrane fouling in cross-flow humic acid-fed ultrafiltration.

Exploring reasonable ways to remove foulant is of great importance in order to allow sustainable operation of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in water/wastewater treatment technology. Compounds of organic and inorganic origin largely contribute to irreversible fouling. This study attempted to remove problem of UF membrane fouling by using four different enzymes including alpha-amylase, lipase, cellulase and protease.

Effects of welding pulse energy and fluoride ion on the cracking susceptibility and fatigue behavior of Nd:YAG laser-welded cast titanium joints.

In this study, the cracking susceptibility and fatigue behavior of Nd:YAG laser-welded cast Ti joints (welding pulse energy: 11, 15, and 18 J) in fluoride-containing (0 and 0.5% NaF) artificial saliva were evaluated using constant elongation rate test (CERT) and fatigue test (FT), respectively. Both CERT and FT were also carried out in open air as controls.

Effects of CAPE-like compounds on HIV replication in vitro and modulation of cytokines in vivo.

Objectives: Five CAPE-like compounds, namely caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), methyl caffeate (MC), ethyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylate (EC), phenethyl dimethyl caffeate (PEDMC) and phenethyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)acrylic (BrCAPE) were tested for their anti-HIV replication in vitro and immune modulation effects in vivo.

Methods: Short-term cytotoxicity was assessed by Trypan Blue stain and MTT assay. For antiviral assays, M-tropic (strain JRCSF), T-tropic (strain NL-4-3) and dual tropic (strain 89.

Effect of surface roughness of ground titanium on initial cell adhesion.

The effect of surface roughness of ground Ti on the initial adhesion of osteoblast-like U-2 OS cells was investigated in this study. Different numbers (#120, #600, and #1500) of SiC sandpaper and two Al2O3 polishing powder (0.3 and 1 microm) were used to prepare the metal specimens with varying degrees of surface roughness.