Impacts of decadal increasing nitrogen deposition on North Pacific marine ecosystems.

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is one of the key sources of marine nutrients, significantly affecting marine ecosystems. However, the ecological response of marine ecosystems to current and future changes in nitrogen deposition remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of rising nitrogen deposition during the past decades on North Pacific ecosystems by utilizing a coupled physical-biological model.

The role of N(6)-methyladenosine (m6a) modification in cancer: recent advances and future directions.

N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most abundant and prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic mRNAs. The role of m6A modification in cancer has become a hot research topic in recent years and has been widely explored. m6A modifications have been shown to regulate cancer occurrence and progression by modulating different target molecules.

Structural insights into the in situ assembly of clustered protocadherin γB4.

Clustered protocadherins (cPcdhs) belong to the cadherin superfamily and play important roles in neural development. cPcdhs mediate homophilic adhesion and lead to self-avoidance and tiling by giving neurons specific identities in vertebrates. Structures and functions of cPcdhs have been studied extensively in past decades, but the mechanisms behind have not been fully understood.

Construction of an interpenetrating polymer network in situ to develop multifunctional cellulose nanofiber-enhanced films with superior mechanical performances.

The development of biodegradable films with enhanced mechanical performance is of great importance for environmental concerns. Inspired by the unique multiple hydrogen bonding of spider silk, in this work, we developed a tough polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based, TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF)-enhanced film with outstanding stretchability, mechanical strength, fatigue resistance, and biodegradability by constructing an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) with abundant hydrogen bonds via a combination of in situ radical-crosslinking and solvent casting method. The film incorporated 1 wt% of TOCNF, namely P/A-TCF1, exhibits excellent biodegradability, outstanding elongation (470 %), significant toughness (143 MJ/m), healable efficiency (90 %) and high tensile strength (45 MPa), surpassing the performance of a vast of commercially-available films.

Mechanochromic and Conductive Gels Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals for Bioinspired Sensing.

Soft mechanochromatic materials hold great promise for wearable sensing technologies. Bioinspired photonic crystal structures assembled from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) enable dynamic light modulation, providing a vibrant and easily controlled optical platform for real-time detection. This study constructed a CNC-based mechanochromic and conductive gel with a dual-signal response featuring interactive optical and electrical feedback.

A Multi-Level Multiple Contrastive Learning Method for Single-Lead Electrocardiogram Atrial Fibrillation Detection.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common persistent arrhythmia, and it is crucial to develop generalizable automatic AF detection methods. However, supervised AF detection is often limited in performance due to the difficulty in obtaining labeled data. To address the gap between limited labeled data and the requirements for model robustness and generalization in single-lead ECG AF detection, we proposed a semi-supervised contrastive learning method named MLMCL for AF detection.

External validation of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-based decision rules for characterizing breast lesions and comparison to Kaiser score and breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) category.

Background: Breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) provides standard descriptors but not detailed decision rules for characterizing breast lesions. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) are also not incorporated in the BI-RADS. Several multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-based decision rules have been developed to differentiate breast lesions, but lack external validation.

Preparation of a multifunctional soybean protein isolate-based adhesive with enhanced mechanical and flame retardancy properties via the synergistic effect between phosphorylated chitosan and quaternary ammonium-functionalized MXene.

The pursuit of multifunctional soybean protein isolate (SPI)-based adhesives with high strength, water resistance, and resistance to mildew and flame remains a formidable scientific challenge. Inspired by mussels, in this work, quaternary ammonium salted hyperbranched polyamide (QHBPA) and polydopamine (PDA) were incorporated onto the surface of MXene. The synthesized hybrid material, namely Q-MXene, accompanied with phosphorylated chitosan (PCS), was subsequently integrated into the SPI-based adhesive to synergistically improve its performance via organic-inorganic hybridization techniques.

CPhaMAS: The first pharmacokinetic analysis cloud platform developed by China.

Objectives: Software for pharmacological modeling and statistical analysis is essential for drug development and individualized treatment modeling. This study aims to develop a pharmacokinetic analysis cloud platform that leverages cloud-based benefits, offering a user-friendly interface with a smoother learning curve.

Methods: The platform was built using Rails as the framework, developed in Julia language, and employs PostgreSQL 14 database, Redis cache, and Sidekiq for asynchronous task management.

HSF-IBI: A Universal Framework for Extracting Inter-Beat Interval from Heterogeneous Unobtrusive Sensors.

Heartbeat inter-beat interval (IBI) extraction is a crucial technology for unobtrusive vital sign monitoring, yet its precision and robustness remain challenging. A promising approach is fusing heartbeat signals from different types of unobtrusive sensors. This paper introduces HSF-IBI, a novel and universal framework for unobtrusive IBI extraction using heterogeneous sensor fusion.

Non-Contact Stable Arterial Pulse Measurement Using mmWave Array Radar.

Pulse signals can serve as important indicators of one's cardiovascular condition. However, capturing signals with stable morphology using radar under varying measurement periods remains a significant challenge. This paper reports a non-contact arterial pulse measurement method based on mmWave radar, with stable signals achieved through a range-angle focusing algorithm.

The prevalence of low-level viraemia and its association with virological failure in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Low-level viraemia (LLV) following antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLWH) has not received sufficient attention. To the determine the prevalence of LLV and its association with virological failure (VF), we systematically reviewed evidence-based interventions for PLWH. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to 22 May 2024.

Three-step surface design of spore-displayed keratinase improved acid tolerance and feather degradation.

The global chicken business has grown rapidly, producing millions of tons of feather waste annually. Keratinase is a special enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of keratin and can be applied to the feed industry. In this study, we initially set the tone for the acid-resistant mutation of spore surface-display keratinase cotG-KERQ7 by replacing base-catalytic residues in the active center.

An orally available Mpro/TMPRSS2 bispecific inhibitor with potent anti-coronavirus efficacy in vivo.

Coronaviruses have caused three major endemics in the past two decades. Alarmingly, recent identification of novel zoonotic coronaviruses that caused human infections suggests the risk of future coronavirus outbreak caused by spillover infection from animal reservoirs remains high. Therefore, development of novel therapeutic options with broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activities are urgently needed.

PGAM5 promotes RIPK1-PANoptosome activity by phosphorylating and activating RIPK1 to mediate PANoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

Neuronal death plays a crucial role in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). PANoptosis is a programmed form of cell death regulated by the PANoptosome, which possesses key characteristics of pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis. Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5) has specific phosphatase activity that phosphorylates or dephosphorylates serine and threonine residues on bound proteins such as receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), which are involved in programmed cell death.

Exosomal long non-coding RNA-LINC00839 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by activating NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 40% of all lung cancer cases, and has the highest incidence among lung cancer subtypes. Recent studies have suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Based on integrative analysis through databases, we screened Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 00839 (LINC00839) as one of the most highly upregulated lncRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma.

Preparation of Multifunctional Nano-Protectants for High-Efficiency Green Control of Anthracnose.

Nanomaterials cannot only act as active ingredients (AIs), but also adjuvants to encapsulate or attach AIs to improve their fungicidal activity. Herein, a hydrophilic and lipophilic diblock polymer (HLDP) is designed and synthesized to prepare a series of HLDP nano-protectants to explore the best HLDP nano-protectant for anthracnose management. These results demonstrate that the HLDP-CS nano-protectant displays the best control effects on mango anthracnose via the direct pathogen inhibition and amplified plant immune responses.

Structure of scavenger receptor SCARF1 and its interaction with lipoproteins.

SCARF1 (scavenger receptor class F member 1, SREC-1 or SR-F1) is a type I transmembrane protein that recognizes multiple endogenous and exogenous ligands such as modified low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and is important for maintaining homeostasis and immunity. But the structural information and the mechanisms of ligand recognition of SCARF1 are largely unavailable. Here, we solve the crystal structures of the N-terminal fragments of human SCARF1, which show that SCARF1 forms homodimers and its epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains adopt a long-curved conformation.

Ultra-rapid Synthesis of High-entropy MAX Phases and Their Derivative MXenes for Battery Electrodes.

High-entropy materials hold immense promise for energy storage, owing to their varied compositions and unforeseen physicochemical properties, yet, which poses challenges in synthesis due to tendentious phase separation and extended sintering durations. Herein, an ultra-rapid strategy based on spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques is proposed to synthesize high-entropy MAX phases within 15 minutes, including a new phase of (TiVCrNbMo)AlC and several phases of 413-type TiVNbMoAlC, TiVCrMoAlC and (TiVCrNbTa)AlC, achieving utmost purity level up to 99.54 %.

A Series of Ultra-low Permittivity ALaPO (A = Li, Na, K) Metaphosphate Microwave Dielectric Ceramics for Ultra-wideband Dielectric Resonant Antenna Application.

The employment of ultra-low permittivity materials in the configuration of antennas has been demonstrated to augment the antenna bandwidth and diminish signal delay effectively. This study presents three ultra-low permittivity metaphosphate microwave dielectric ceramics (MWDCs). The ALaPO (A = Li, Na, K) metaphosphate ceramics, which all belong to the monoclinic crystal system, exhibit extremely low permittivity (ε ≈ 5) and excellent quality factor (· > 10,000 GHz) at a low sintering temperature ( < 950 °C).

Quercetin supplementation prevents kidney damage and improves long-term prognosis in hypertensive patients.

Quercetin has shown potential antihypertensive-like activities in several studies. The present study aimed to test the effect of quercetin supplementation on kidney damage and long-term prognosis in hypertensive patients. The data of enrolled hypertensive patients were acquired from the NHANES dataset.