A Molecularly Defined Medullary Network for Control of Respiratory Homeostasis.

The dynamic interaction between central respiratory chemoreceptors and the respiratory central pattern generator constitutes a critical homeostatic axis for stabilizing breathing rhythm and pattern, yet its circuit-level organization remains poorly characterized. Here, the functional connectivity between two key medullary hubs: the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) are systematically investigated. These findings delineate a medullary network primarily comprising Phox2b-expressing NTS neurons (NTS), GABAergic NTS neurons (NTS), and somatostatin (SST)-expressing preBötC neurons (preBötC).

Amplified multipartite entanglement witnessed in a quantum critical metal.

Strong correlations in matter promote a landscape of quantum phases and associated quantum critical points. For metallic systems, there is increasing recognition that the quantum criticality goes beyond the Landau framework and, thus, further means are needed to characterize the quantum critical fluid. Here we do so by studying an entanglement quantity, the quantum Fisher information, in a strange metal system, focusing on the exemplary case of an Anderson/Kondo lattice model near its Kondo destruction quantum critical point.

PAI-1-driven SFRP2 cancer-associated fibroblasts hijack the abscopal effect of radioimmunotherapy.

The abscopal effect of radioimmunotherapy, wherein tumor shrinkage occurs beyond the irradiated field, is therapeutically promising but clinically rare. The mechanisms underlying this effect remain elusive. Here, in vivo genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies SFRP2 as a potential stromal regulator of the abscopal effect.

Co-surfactant roles of amino acids at oil-water interface: Application in low-pH emulsions to regulate physical and oxidative stabilities.

Sucrose monopalmitate (SMP) is an effective surfactant for emulsification, but exhibits poor stability in low pH environments, due to neutralized surface charges. To improve SMP-based emulsions, we used food-grade amino acids as co-surfactants. Lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan lowered the water-oil interfacial tension.

Multi-omics and single-cell analysis reveals machine learning-based pyrimidine metabolism-related signature in the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Pyrimidine metabolism is a hallmark of tumor metabolic reprogramming, while its significance in the prognostic and therapeutic implications of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) still remains unclear. In this study, an integrated framework of various machine learning and deep learning algorithms was used to develop the pyrimidine metabolism-related signature (PMRS). Its efficacy in genomic stability, chemotherapy and immunotherapy resistance was evaluated through comprehensive multi-omics analysis.

Loss of N-6 adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase 1 leads to meiotic prophase abnormalities and male sub-fertility in mice.

Mammalian sexual reproduction critically relies on the generation of haploid gametes following a specialized cell division process known as meiosis. Here, we demonstrate that N-6 Adenine-Specific DNA methyltransferase 1 (N6AMT1) plays a crucial role in the progression of meiosis during spermatogenesis, as follows. N6AMT1 was expressed in germ cells throughout the entire process of spermatogenesis, with a peak in mRNA levels in spermatocytes at the prophase I stage of meiosis.

Human mpox co-infection with advanced HIV-1 and XDR-TB in a MSM patient previously vaccinated against smallpox: A case report.

Mpox is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the mpox virus (MPXV). Historically, the majority of mpox cases have been documented in Central Africa. However, since May 2022, there has been a notable rise in reported cases from regions beyond Africa.

Transplanting neural stem cells overexpressing miRNA-21 can promote neural recovery after cerebral hemorrhage through the SOX2/LIN28-let-7 signaling pathway.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a devastating neurological disorder with limited therapeutic options. Neural stem cell (NSC)-based therapies have emerged as a potential regenerative approach, yet the molecular mechanisms regulating NSC behavior require further elucidation. The role of miR-21 in NSC differentiation and proliferation during ICH recovery remains unexplored.

Imaging characteristics of pediatric primary thymic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma: case reports of four children with a literature review.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the imaging characteristics of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) in children's thymi.

Methods: Four pediatric cases of primary thymic LELC confirmed by needle biopsy pathology from our research center were enrolled. All children underwent an enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) examination.

Association between metabolic visceral fat score and left ventricular hypertrophy in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), a hallmark of early-stage heart failure (HF), is a common complication in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolic Visceral Fat Score (METS-VF), a novel metric for estimating visceral adiposity, may provide valuable insights into LVH risk. This study explores the association between METS-VF and LVH in T2DM and compare its predictive performance to traditional abdominal obesity indices.

Graph Foundation Models: Concepts, Opportunities and Challenges.

Foundation models have emerged as critical components in a variety of artificial intelligence applications, and showcase significant success in natural language processing and several other domains. Meanwhile, the field of graph machine learning is witnessing a paradigm transition from shallow methods to more sophisticated deep learning approaches. The capabilities of foundation models in generalization and adaptation motivate graph machine learning researchers to discuss the potential of developing a new graph learning paradigm.

Bibliometric analysis of global research on the clinical applications of aminoglycoside antibiotics: improving efficacy and decreasing risk.

Background: Infections by drug-resistant bacteria are a significant threat to human health worldwide although many drug-resistant bacteria are sensitive to aminoglycosides (AGs), an older class of antibiotics. AGs have played a significant role in clinical practice in recent years.

Methods: Publications from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2023 that described clinical research of AGs were identified by searching the Web of Science Core Collection Database.

Nintedanib abrogates patient vitreous-induced Akt activation and tube formation of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells.

Growth factors and cytokines in the vitreous are critical drivers of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), a condition in which many patients exhibit resistance to current therapies. PDR is characterized by the formation of fibrovascular membranes on the vitreous side of the retina, which, if untreated, can lead to retinal detachment. Nintedanib, a clinically approved drug for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, targets multiple tyrosine kinases, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs).

Tunable Light-Activated Platform for Controlled Hydrogen Sulfide Release with Tracking.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is increasingly recognized for its critical roles in various physiological and pathological processes. The development of synthetic donors with controllable release profiles is essential for elucidating H2S's complex involvement in cellular signaling, which remains a challenge. Herein, we report a diverse collection of photocaged N-methylation thiocarbamates and thiocarbonates, designed to explore how electronic properties and the leaving efficiency of payloads affect H2S release behaviors.

Association between constipation and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in adults: the NHANES 2009-2010.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between constipation and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 4,282 adults aged 20 and older was selected from the NHANES 2009-2010. Constipation was defined as having fewer than three bowel movements per week.

Enhancer reprogramming: critical roles in cancer and promising therapeutic strategies.

Transcriptional dysregulation is a hallmark of cancer initiation and progression, driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations. Enhancer reprogramming has emerged as a pivotal driver of carcinogenesis, with cancer cells often relying on aberrant transcriptional programs. The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has provided critical insights into enhancer reprogramming events and their role in malignancy.

Association of Gene Variant Classes With Motor Outcomes in a Drug Registration Clinical Trial Setting.

Background And Objectives: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by pathogenic variants of the gene, leading to the loss of dystrophin. Clinical variability in DMD can complicate interpretation of interventional data in clinical trials. One source of clinical variability is allelic heterogeneity (different pathogenic variants with different effects on dystrophin protein expression).

Hyperpolarized Xe diffusion-weighted MRI of the lung with 3D golden-angle radial sampling and keyhole reconstruction.

Background: Hyperpolarized (HP) Xe multiple b-values diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) facilitates the assessment of pulmonary morphology. However, conventional DWI method, such as 2D GRE DWI, is limited in its application due to the long acquisition time and relatively thick slice.

Purpose: To develop a method combining 3D golden-angle radial sampling with keyhole reconstruction (GRSK) for accelerating Xe multiple b-values DWI and obtaining thinner slice.

Associations Between Peer Relationships and Depressive Symptoms in Rural Children: Undirected and Bayesian Network Analyses.

Previous studies have noted links between peer relationships and depressive symptoms, but few have explored the subtle internal connections and inherent directionalities of these associations. Undirected and Bayesian network analyses were utilized to explore the interrelationships among key constructs in this study, which focused on 802 Chinese rural children (M= 12.16 years, SD = 0.

Immunoproteasome subunits are novel signatures for predicting efficacy of immunotherapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Background: How to select muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients who are sensitive to immunotherapy is an unmet medical need. This study aimed to explore the role of immunoproteasome subunits as a novel signature for predicting efficacy of immunotherapy in MIBC.

Methods: The expression profile of immunoproteasome subunits of MIBC and normal tissues was evaluated from data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and of the Chongqing University Cancer Hospital (CQUCH) cohort.

Genomic and Proteomic Analyses of Bacterial Communities of Ticks from Broome County, New York.

The microbial communities of , the primary vector of Lyme disease in North America, exhibit regional variations that may affect pathogen transmission and vector competence. We analyzed bacterial communities in ticks collected from Broome County, New York, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (18 ticks) as well as mass spectrometry-based proteomics (36 ticks). According to the 16S rRNA analysis, the endosymbiont was the most abundant species, with significantly higher ( = 0.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Colchicine C-Cyclic AmineDerivatives as Potent Anti-Biofilms Agents AgainstMethicillin-Resistant .

Background/objectives: The elimination of bacterial biofilm formation is an effective strategy against bacterial infections. The objective was to design 27 colchicine C-ring modified amine derivatives and evaluate their inhibitory activities against the biofilms of MRSA USA300.

Methods: Design 27 colchicine C-ring modified amine derivatives.

Efficient All-Solution-Processed Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes via a Room-Temperature Vapor-Treated Interlayer.

Metal halide perovskites hold great promise for cost-effective, solution-processed, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. However, fabricating all-solution-processed perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) remains challenging because the perovskite emitters are susceptible to damage from subsequent solution layers. Here, we introduce a novel fabrication method that employs a low-pressure-treated electron-transport layer (ETL) at room temperature, complemented by a polyethylenimine (PEI) interface modification layer.

Electrically Controlled Metal-Insulator Heterogeneous Evolution for Infrared Switch and Perfect Absorption.

Active switching, which enables multifunctionality within a single optical component, is essential for reconfigurable infrared photonic systems such as radiation engineering, sensing, and communication. Metamaterials offer a solution but involve complex design and fabrication. A simpler approach with a planar layered structure becomes promising for offering economical manufacturing, easier integration, and scalability.

Metabolomics Profiling Reveals Critical Roles of Indoxyl Sulfate in the Regulation of Innate Monocytes in COVID-19.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is intricately related to the reprogramming of host metabolism. However, existing studies have mainly focused on peripheral blood samples and barely identified specific metabolites that are critically involved in the pathology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the current small-scale study, we performed metabolic profiling in plasma ( = 61) and paired bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples ( = 20) using parallel two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (2DLC-MS).