Effects of Physical Activity and Inactivity on Microvasculature in Children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical activity and inactivity on the microvasculature in children, as measured from retinal photographs.

Methods: All participants were from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study, a population-based cross-sectional study of children aged 6 to 8 years. They received comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and retinal photography.

Exploring optical coherence tomography parameters in eyes with myopic tilted disc.

Background: To investigate the impact of optic disc torsion (ODT), horizontal disc tilt (HDT) angle, and ovality index (OI) on different retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) segments in healthy myopic eyes.

Methods: ODT and OI were measured from fundus photographs. HDT angle, peripapillary RNFL, and macular GCIPL were measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Advances in myopia control strategies for children.

Myopia has long been a global threat to public health. Timely interventions are likely to reduce the risk of vision-threatening complications. There are both established and rapidly evolving therapeutic approaches to slow myopia progression and/or delay its onset.

Improved accuracy of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography for monitoring myopic macular neovascularisation activity.

Background/aims: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) combined with OCT angiography (OCTA) for myopic myopic macular neovascularisation (MNV) activity.

Methods: Both eyes of patients with myopic MNV diagnosed with fluorescein angiography (FA), SD OCT and OCTA were assessed by unmasked investigators. The images were deidentified and randomised before graded by masked investigators, who determined the presence of active myopic MNV by using SD OCT together with OCTA without FA and by FA alone, respectively.

Pathogenesis of myopic choroidal neovascularization: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a vision-threatening complication of high myopia. Here, we systematically review cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, and summarize the associated factors of myopic CNV using meta-analysis where applicable. Among 1,333 records assessed, 50 were found eligible, all having a low-to-moderate risk of bias.

Association of Polymorphisms in ZFHX1B and PAX6 With Anisometropia in Chinese Children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Genetics Study.

Purpose: To identify gene variants associated with anisometropia development in children.

Methods: This is a population-based, cross-sectional, and longitudinal genetic association study involving 1057 children aged 6 to 10 years with both baseline and 3-year follow-up data. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), ZC3H11B rs4373767, ZFHX1B rs13382811, KCNQ5 rs7744813, SNTB1 rs7839488, PAX6 rs644242, and GJD2 rs524952 were analyzed in all children.

Association of Ultra-Short-Term Intraocular Pressure Fluctuation With Disease Progression in Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma: The CUPAL Study.

Prcis: This study demonstrated significant differences in ultra-short-term IOP fluctuations, measured by a contact lens sensor between progressive and stable PACG eyes, during the first one hour after falling asleep.

Purpose: To identify the most sensitive period for detecting significant ultra-short-term intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation associated with disease progression in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).

Materials And Methods: PACG eyes, which had been followed up for over 2 years under the CUHK PACG Longitudinal (CUPAL) Study, were recruited.

Clinically relevant factors associated with a binary outcome of diabetic macular ischaemia: an OCTA study.

Aims: We investigated the demographic, ocular, diabetes-related and systemic factors associated with a binary outcome of diabetic macular ischaemia (DMI) as assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) evaluation of non-perfusion at the level of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in a cohort of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Materials And Methods: 617 patients with DM were recruited from July 2015 to December 2020 at the Chinese University of Hong Kong Eye Centre. Image quality assessment (gradable or ungradable for assessing DMI) and DMI evaluation (presence or absence of DMI) were assessed at the level of the SCP and DCP by OCTA.

Relationship between macular intercapillary area measured by optical coherence tomography angiography and central visual field sensitivity in normal tension glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship of macular intercapillary area (ICA) with macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness and central visual field sensitivity (CVFS) in normal tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: Seventy-eight early NTG eyes, 33 moderate-to-severe NTG eyes and 75 normal control eyes were cross-sectional evaluated. All participants underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A; DRI-OCT, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan).

OCT-based biomarkers for predicting treatment response in eyes with centre-involved diabetic macular oedema treated with anti-VEGF injections: a real-life retina clinic-based study.

Background/aims: To determine whether a combination of baseline and change in spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-based biomarkers can predict visual outcomes in eyes with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) treated with antivascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) injections.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in Hong Kong, China. 196 eyes with centre-involving DMO, who received anti-VEGF injections between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2018 were recruited.

Independent and Synergistic Effects of High Blood Pressure and Obesity on Retinal Vasculature in Young Children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study.

Background High blood pressure (BP) and obesity are becoming increasingly prevalent among children globally. Although prior studies have shown their adverse impacts on macrovascular health, less is known about their effects on microvascular heath. This study aims to evaluate the independent and synergistic effects of hypertensive BP and obesity on retinal vasculature in young children.

Non-invasive structural and metabolic retinal markers of disease activity in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: Metabolic and structural microvascular retinal alterations are essential components in diabetic retinopathy (DR). The present study aimed to measure changes at different stages of non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and to explore interactions of imaging-based metrics.

Methods: This cross-sectional, cohort study included 139 eyes from 80 diabetic patients.

Different Effect of Media Opacity on Vessel Density Measured by Different Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Algorithms.

Purpose: Several studies show that media opacity reduces vessel density (VD) measured by image processing algorithms of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). However, different models of OCTA designed their own algorithms and computational methods, which may have different effects of opacity on VD. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of a simulated model of media opacity on quantitative measurement of two OCTA devices.

Different effect of media opacity on automated and manual measurement of foveal avascular zone of optical coherence tomography angiographies.

Background: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides not only visualisation but also quantitative measurement of foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Media opacity is common in elderly subjects with cataracts. This study aimed to investigate the impact of media opacity on automated and manual FAZ measurement.

Clinically relevant factors associated with quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in deep capillary plexus in patients with diabetes.

Background: To test clinically relevant factors associated with quantitative artifact-free deep capillary plexus (DCP) metrics in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: 563 eligible eyes (221 with no diabetic retinopathy [DR], 135 with mild DR, 130 with moderate DR, and 77 with severe DR) from 334 subjects underwent optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) with a swept-source OCT (Triton DRI-OCT, Topcon, Inc., Tokyo, Japan).

Repeatability and Agreement of a Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Biometer IOLMaster 700 Versus a Scheimpflug Imaging-Based Biometer AL-Scan in Cataract Patients.

Purpose: To compare the repeatability and agreement between a swept-source biometer and a Scheimpflug biometer in cataract patients.

Methods: Three consecutive measurements were obtained using a swept-source biometer (IOLMaster 700) and a Scheimpflug biometer (AL-Scan) in 52 eyes of 52 patients. Keratometry, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length, and white-to-white (WTW) distance were recorded.

Quantitative retinal microvasculature in children using swept-source optical coherence tomography: the Hong Kong Children Eye Study.

Aims: To evaluate the distributions of quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) metrics and its associated factors in children.

Methods: 1059 children aged 6-8 years were recruited from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. All the participants underwent OCT-A with a swept-source OCT.

Repeatability, interocular correlation and agreement of quantitative swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography macular metrics in healthy subjects.

Purpose: To investigate the repeatability, interocular correlation and agreement of quantitative swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) metrics in healthy subjects.

Methods: Thirty-three healthy normal subjects were enrolled. The macula was scanned four times by an SS-OCTA system using the 3 mm×3 mm mode.

Author Correction: Determinants of Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics in Patients with Diabetes.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Genetic Association of the PARL-ABCC5-HTR3D-HTR3C Locus With Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in Chinese.

Purpose: This study evaluates the associations of haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PARL-ABCC5-HTR3D-HTR3C region with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), with a view to identify the responsible SNP in this region.

Methods: Thirty SNPs from the PARL-ABCC5-HTR3D-HTR3C region were genotyped in a Hong Kong Chinese cohort of 422 PACG patients and 400 control subjects, using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. Single marker and haplotype-based association analyses were performed.

Determinants of Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics in Patients with Diabetes.

Early microvascular damage in diabetes (e.g. capillary nonperfusion and ischemia) can now be assessed and quantified with optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A).

Classification of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration With Pachyvessels on En Face Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to classify exudative maculopathy by the presence of pachyvessels on en face swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT).

Methods: Consecutive patients with signs of exudative maculopathy underwent SSOCT, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), ultra-widefield fundus color photography, and autofluorescence examinations. Images were analyzed in a masked fashion by two sets of four examiners in different sessions: (1) the presence of pachyvessels in en face OCT and (2) features of exudative maculopathy in conventional imaging modalities.

Choroidal structures in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, neovascular age-related maculopathy, and healthy eyes determined by binarization of swept source optical coherence tomographic images.

Purpose: To evaluate quantitatively the choroidal vascularity in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients compared to healthy controls.

Methods: All eyes underwent swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT), and choroidal images were binarized into blood vessels lumen and stroma. The choroidal vascular index (CVI) was defined as the ratio of luminal area (LA) over total choroidal area of the subfoveal region with a width of 1500 μm.