Perspectives on photodynamic therapy combined with immunotherapy in treatment of colorectal cancer: an overview based on experimental studies.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major cancers threatening human health, with high mortality, tumor drug resistance and metastasis, considered to be one of the most difficult diseases to treat. Due to its advantages of non-invasive, strongly targeted and limit side effects, Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising primary treatment for CRC. Remarkably, PDT has been shown to activate T cell-adaptive immune response and induce immunogenic cell death (ICD).

Important Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Immune Triggering and Inflammatory Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease, primarily characterized by chronic symmetric synovial inflammation and erosive bone destruction.Mitochondria, the primary site of cellular energy production, play a crucial role in energy metabolism and possess homeostatic regulation capabilities. Mitochondrial function influences the differentiation, activation, and survival of both immune and non-immune cells involved in RA pathogenesis.

Intervention effect of regulating GABA-A receptor activity on the formation of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm in rats.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a potentially fatal vascular inflammatory disease characterized by infiltration of various inflammatory cells.The GABA-A receptor is expressed in many inflammatory cells such as macrophages and T cells and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, the GABA-A receptor may become a potential therapeutic target for abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Prognostic value of inflammatory and nutritional indexes among patients with unresectable advanced gastric cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy-a retrospective study.

Background: Recent studies have revealed that inflammatory factors and nutritional status of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) are related to the efficacy of drug therapy and patient prognosis. This study seeks to evaluate the correlation between inflammatory markers, nutritional status, and clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapies among inoperable AGC patients.

Method: This retrospective study included 88 AGC patients who received ICIs combined with chemotherapy.

Advances and prospects of precision nanomedicine in personalized tumor theranostics.

Tumor, as the second leading cause of death globally, following closely behind cardiovascular diseases, remains a significant health challenge worldwide. Despite the existence of various cancer treatment methods, their efficacy is still suboptimal, necessitating the development of safer and more efficient treatment strategies. Additionally, the advancement of personalized therapy offers further possibilities in cancer treatment.

Intimate partner violence and its associated psychosocial factors among women with breast and/or cervical cancer in China: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of intimate partner violence among women with breast cancer and/or cervical cancer in China and to explore its psychosocial associated factors.

Methods: From July to September 2023, we firstly conducted reliability and validity tests using the simplified Chinese version of the Women Abuse Screening Tool in 150 women with breast and/or cervical cancer. We then used a questionnaire comprising the Chinese version of the Women Abuse Screening Tool, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, European Organization for Research and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30, and Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory Scale in 401 women with breast and/or cervical cancer.

Genetic dissection of ear-related trait divergence between maize and teosinte.

Maize has undergone remarkable domestication and shows striking differences in architecture and ear morphology compared to its wild progenitor, called teosinte. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the ear morphology differences between teosinte and cultivated maize is still limited. In this study, we explored the genetic basis of ear-related traits at both early and mature stages by analyzing a population derived from a cross between Mo17 and a teosinte line, mexicana.

Ytterbium Doping-Retooled Prussian Blue for Tumor Metabolism Interference Therapy.

Drug repurposing refers to excavating clinically approved drugs for new clinical indications, effectively shortening the cost and time of clinical evaluation due to the established molecular structure, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. In this sense, clinically approved Prussian blue (PB) has received considerable attention, by virtue of its unique optical, magnetic, and enzymatic performance. Nevertheless, the clinical transformation of PB-based nanodrugs remains restricted owing to their complex synthetic formulation and constrained therapeutic performance.

PARP1 promotes tumor proliferation in lenalidomide-resistant multiple myeloma via the downregulation of microRNA-192-5p-AKT signaling.

Background: Lenalidomide-based therapies are recommended as first-line treatment for multiple myeloma (MM) patients, regardless of the transplant eligibility. Resistance to lenalidomide is a clinical problem that urgently needs to be addressed. The expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is abnormally high in a variety of tumor tissues including MM.

Genomic Prediction of Semen Traits in Boars Incorporating Biological Interactions.

In the context of modern pig farming, the central role of boars is underscored by large-scale centralized breeding and the widespread application of artificial insemination techniques. However, previous studies and breeding programs have focused mainly on product efficiency traits, such as growth rate, lean meat yield, and litter size, often neglecting boar semen traits. In this study, we estimated the genetic parameters and assessed the genomic prediction accuracy of boar semen traits with phenotypes evaluated from 274,332 ejections in a large population consisting of 2467 Duroc boars.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Exosomal miR-99a Attenuate Silica-Induced Lung Fibrosis by Inhibiting Pulmonary Fibroblast Transdifferentiation.

Silicosis is one of the most prevalent and fatal occupational diseases worldwide, with unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and related molecular mechanisms of how mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secreted exosomes alleviate SiO-induced pulmonary fibrosis. miR-99a-5p was significantly downregulated in silicosis models via high-throughput miRNA screening, and was overlapped with miRNAs in exosomes from MSCs.

Quality Characteristics and Volatile Components of Chili Oil Prepared from the Combination of Shuanla and Erjingtiao Peppers.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of varying weight ratios of Shuanla and Erjingtiao peppers (10:0, 8:2, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 2:8, and 0:10, corresponding to samples PA, PB, PC, PD, PE, PF, and PG, respectively) on the sensory attributes, chromatism, acid values (AVs), peroxide values (POVs), capsaicinoids, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of seven chili oil samples. GC-IMS was employed to detect the VOCs of the chili oil samples, which were subsequently analyzed using multivariate statistical methods. The results revealed significant differences in pungency among the samples, with the PA sample exhibiting the strongest pungency.

Accumulation, translocation and transformation of artificial sweeteners in plants: A critical review.

Artificial sweeteners (ASs) have become an increasingly significant concern as an emerging contaminant. The widespread utilization has given rise to environmental consequences that are progressively harder to disregard. ASs infiltrate both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through the discharge of wastewater effluents and the application of manure and biosolids.

Acquired multiple mutations‑mediated resistance to a third‑generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma who responded to afatinib: A case report and literature review.

For patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that have epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard treatment and have significant clinical benefits. Third-generation TKIs, such as osimertinib, almonertinib and furmonertinib, are effective for the treatment of NSCLC that is EGFR-sensitizing mutation-positive and T790M-positive. Despite the efficacy of third-generation TKIs, patients inevitably develop resistance and the resistance mechanisms are heterogeneous.

Mining and analysis of adverse event signals of trastuzumab deruxtecan via real-world data of FDA adverse event reporting system database from 2019 to 2023.

Background: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a novel generation antibody-drug conjugate. However, current evidence for the safety of T-DXd is mostly limited to clinical trials. Therefore, we mine and analyze adverse events (AEs) caused by T-DXd based on the FAERS database and to provide reference for the safe use of drug in clinical practice.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), a common pregnancy complication characterized by glucose intolerance, is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS). This study aimed to systematically review and quantify the association between GDM and NRDS.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from their inception through July 30, 2024, to identify relevant studies.

SIRT1 regulates cigarette smoke extract‑induced alveolar macrophage polarization and inflammation by inhibiting the TRAF6/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

M1 macrophages activated by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) serve a pro‑inflammatory role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is decreased in the alveolar macrophages of patients with COPD. However, whether SIRT1 is involved in COPD by regulating macrophage polarization remains unknown.

Wind and solar energy in Small Island Developing States for mitigating global climate change.

Despite contributing less than 1% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have the potential to drive global mitigation actions by advocating for ambitious emission reduction targets, promoting renewable energy solutions, and advancing sustainable development practices. The adoption of onshore-offshore wind and solar energy in 39 SIDS, which are currently experiencing the adverse effects of climate change, presents a significant opportunity. By harnessing renewable energy sources, these countries can effectively mitigate GHG emissions, enhance energy security, and build resilience.

Establishment of reference intervals for estimated glomerular filtration rate in apparently healthy adults based on the full age spectrum equation: A single-centre study.

Background: Identifying gender and age-related eGFR trends is crucial for precise renal function assessment. This study aims to analyse eGFR distribution with the full age spectrum (FAS) equation and establish reference intervals based on gender and age in a single-centre cohort.

Methods: Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria outlined in this study, a total of 24,024 reference individuals were ultimately selected.

Discovery of novel VEGFR2 inhibitors against non-small cell lung cancer based on fingerprint-enhanced graph attention convolutional network.

Despite the proven inhibitory effects of drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) on solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the development of anti-NSCLC drugs solely targeting VEGFR2 still faces risks such as off-target effects and limited efficacy. This study aims to develop a novel fingerprint-enhanced graph attention convolutional network (FnGATGCN) model for predicting the activity of anti-NSCLC drugs. Employing a multimodal fusion strategy, the model integrates a feature extraction layer that comprises molecular graph feature extraction and molecular fingerprint feature extraction.

Associations between modifiable risk factors and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: joint modelling of longitudinal and survival data.

Background: Stronger associations between modifiable risk factors and cognitive function have been found in younger than older adults. This age pattern may be subject to mortality selection and non-ignorable missingness caused by dropouts due to death, but this remains unclear.

Methods: Longitudinal data from 9,562 adults aged 50 and older from Waves 1-4 (2011-2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used.

Adipsin improves diabetic hindlimb ischemia through SERPINE1 dependent angiogenesis.

Background: Adipsin (complement factor D, CFD), as the first described adipokine, is well-known for its regulatory effects in diabetic cardiovascular complications. However, its role in diabetic hind-limb ischemia was not clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of Adipsin in hind-limb ischemia in type 2 diabetic mice and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved.

Interventional Combined Microwave Ablation for Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Liver Failing Systemic Chemotherapy: A Case Report.

Background: Primary hepatic Neuroendocrine carcinoma (PHNEC) is exceptionally rare, and when it cannot be surgically removed locally, systemic combination therapy is the preferred treatment. However, current treatments have shown limited effectiveness, and more effective approach remains a matter of debate.

Case Presentation: We present a case involving a female patient diagnosed with non-surgically suitable PHNEC, confirmed through pathology.

A multitask interpretable model with graph attention mechanism for activity prediction of low-data PIM inhibitors.

The aberrant expression of proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases is closely related to various tumors and chemotherapy resistance, making them attractive targets for cancer therapy. However, due to the extremely high homology among the three PIM isoforms (PIM1, PIM2, PIM3) and the limited availability of existing bioactivity data, screening and designing selective PIM inhibitors remain a daunting challenge. To address this issue, this study constructed a multitask regression model that can simultaneously predict the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC values).

Development of Zinc-Containing Chitosan/Gelatin Coatings with Immunomodulatory Effect for Soft Tissue Sealing around Dental Implants.

Background: Soft tissue integration (STI) around dental implant abutments is a prerequisite to prevent bacterial invasion and achieve successful dental implant rehabilitation. However, peri-implant STI is a major challenge after dental abutment placement due to alterations in the immune microenvironment upon surgical dental implant installation.

Methods: Based on known immunomodulatory effects of zinc, we herein deposited zinc/chitosan/gelatin (Zn/CS/Gel) coatings onto titanium substrates to study their effect on macrophages.