TET3 Contributes to Exercise-Induced Functional Axon Regeneration and Visual Restoration.

Axons have intrinsically poor regenerative capacity in the mature central nervous system (CNS), leading to permanent neurological impairments in individuals. There is growing evidence that exercise is a powerful physiological intervention that can obviously enhance cell rejuvenate capacity, but its molecular mechanisms that mediate the axonal regenerative benefits remain largely unclear. Using the eye as the CNS model, here it is first indicated that placing mice in an exercise stimulation environment induced DNA methylation patterns and transcriptomes of retinal ganglion cell, promoted axon regeneration after injury, and reversed vision loss in aged mice.

Systematic review and meta-analyses: What has the application of Mendelian randomization told us about the causal effect of adiposity on health outcomes?

Mendelian randomization (MR) is increasingly used for generating estimates of the causal impact of exposures on outcomes. Evidence suggests a causal role of excess adipose tissue (adiposity) on many health outcomes. However, this body of work has not been systematically appraised.

Research on the tilt-to-length coupling noise suppression method inside the gravitational wave detection telescope.

As an integral component of the laser interferometry measurement system, the tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling noise inside the telescope stands out as a critical noise factor that requires meticulous consideration. In the TianQin project, the non-geometric TTL-coupled noise inside the telescope should be less than 0.22 pm/Hz.

The relationship between gut microbiota and neonatal pathologic jaundice: A pilot case-control study.

Background And Objective: Neonatal jaundice is a common clinical disease in neonates. Pathologic jaundice is more harmful to neonates. There are a few studies on the biomarkers of pathologic jaundice and the correlation between gut microbiota and clinical indices.

Association between genetically proxied PCSK9 inhibition and prostate cancer risk: A Mendelian randomisation study.

Background: Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the second most prevalent malignancy in men worldwide. Observational studies have linked the use of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) lowering therapies with reduced risk of PrCa, which may potentially be attributable to confounding factors. In this study, we performed a drug target Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to evaluate the association of genetically proxied inhibition of LDL-c-lowering drug targets on risk of PrCa.

Constructing an atlas of associations between polygenic scores from across the human phenome and circulating metabolic biomarkers.

Background: Polygenic scores (PGS) are becoming an increasingly popular approach to predict complex disease risk, although they also hold the potential to develop insight into the molecular profiles of patients with an elevated genetic predisposition to disease.

Methods: We sought to construct an atlas of associations between 125 different PGS derived using results from genome-wide association studies and 249 circulating metabolites in up to 83,004 participants from the UK Biobank.

Results: As an exemplar to demonstrate the value of this atlas, we conducted a hypothesis-free evaluation of all associations with glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), an inflammatory biomarker.

The role of interleukin-22 in lung health and its therapeutic potential for COVID-19.

Although numerous clinical trials have been implemented, an absolutely effective treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still elusive. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) has attracted great interest over recent years, making it one of the best-studied cytokines of the interleukin-10 (IL-10) family. Unlike most interleukins, the major impact of IL-22 is exclusively on fibroblasts and epithelial cells due to the restricted expression of receptor.

Evaluating and implementing block jackknife resampling Mendelian randomization to mitigate bias induced by overlapping samples.

Participant overlap can induce overfitting bias into Mendelian randomization (MR) and polygenic risk score (PRS) studies. Here, we evaluated a block jackknife resampling framework for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and PRS construction to mitigate overfitting bias in MR analyses and implemented this study design in a causal inference setting using data from the UK Biobank. We simulated PRS and MR under three scenarios: (1) using weighted SNP estimates from an external GWAS, (2) using weighted SNP estimates from an overlapping GWAS sample and (3) using a block jackknife resampling framework.

Metformin suppresses lung adenocarcinoma by downregulating long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) AFAP1-AS1 and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) while upregulating miR-3163.

AFAP1-AS1 plays a pro-tumor role in lung cancer. However, no investigation has focused on whether it is involved in the anticancer activity of metformin (Met) in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect the expression of long non-coding (lnc)RNA AFAP1-AS1, the microRNA (miR)-3163, and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) in LUAD tissues, or of A549 and H3122 cells.

A multivariant recall-by-genotype study of the metabolomic signature of BMI.

Objective: This study estimated the effect of BMI on circulating metabolites in young adults using a recall-by-genotype study design.

Methods: A recall-by-genotype study was implemented in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Samples from 756 participants were selected for untargeted metabolomics analysis based on low versus high genetic liability for higher BMI defined by a genetic risk score (GRS).

Childhood body size directly increases type 1 diabetes risk based on a lifecourse Mendelian randomization approach.

The rising prevalence of childhood obesity has been postulated as an explanation for the increasing rate of individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, we use Mendelian randomization (MR) to provide evidence that childhood body size has an effect on T1D risk (OR = 2.05 per change in body size category, 95% CI = 1.

The causal effects of serum lipids and apolipoproteins on kidney function: multivariable and bidirectional Mendelian-randomization analyses.

Background: The causal nature of the observed associations between serum lipids and apolipoproteins and kidney function are unclear.

Methods: Using two-sample and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR), we examined the causal effects of serum lipids and apolipoproteins on kidney function, indicated by the glomerular-filtration rate estimated using creatinine (eGFRcrea) or cystatin C (eGFRcys) and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). We obtained lipid- and apolipoprotein-associated genetic variants from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (n = 331 368) and UK Biobank (n = 441 016), respectively, and kidney-function markers from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT; n = 69 736) and UK Biobank (n = 464 207).

3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month respiratory outcomes in patients following COVID-19-related hospitalisation: a prospective study.

Background: The consequences of COVID-19 in those who recover from acute infection requiring hospitalisation have yet to be clearly defined. We aimed to describe the temporal trends in respiratory outcomes over 12 months in patients hospitalised for severe COVID-19 and to investigate the associated risk factors.

Methods: In this prospective, longitudinal, cohort study, patients admitted to hospital for severe COVID-19 who did not require mechanical ventilation were prospectively followed up at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after discharge from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

IL-22-mediated renal metabolic reprogramming via PFKFB3 to treat kidney injury.

Kidney damage initiates the deteriorating metabolic states in tubule cells that lead to the development of end-stage renal disease (ESTD). Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is an effective therapeutic antidote for kidney injury via promoting kidney recovery, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we first provide evidence that IL-22 attenuates kidney injury via metabolic reprogramming of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs).

Evaluating the effects of cardiometabolic exposures on circulating proteins which may contribute to severe SARS-CoV-2.

Background: Developing insight into the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of critical importance to overcome the global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). In this study, we have applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to systematically evaluate the effect of 10 cardiometabolic risk factors and genetic liability to lifetime smoking on 97 circulating host proteins postulated to either interact or contribute to the maladaptive host response of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: We applied the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach and several robust MR methods in a two-sample setting to systemically estimate the genetically predicted effect of each risk factor in turn on levels of each circulating protein.

Interleukin-22 drives a metabolic adaptive reprogramming to maintain mitochondrial fitness and treat liver injury.

: Interleukin 22 (IL-22) is an epithelial survival cytokine that is at present being explored as therapeutic agents for acute and chronic liver injury. However, its molecular basis of protective activities remains poorly understood. : Here we demonstrate that IL-22 inhibits the deteriorating metabolic states induced by stimuli in hepatocytes.

[Comparison of functional parameters of small airways between patients with typical asthma and cough-variant asthma].

Objective: To compare the functional parameters of the small airways and clinical characteristics between patients with typical asthma (TA) and cough-variant asthma (CVA).

Methods: Forty-three newly diagnosed asthmatic patients were enrolled, including 15 with TA and positive bronchial provocation test [TA BPT(+)], 12 with TA and positive bronchial dilation test [TA BDT(+)] and 16 with CVA, and 27 healthy subjects served as the control group. All the subjects were required to complete data acquisition, asthma control test, asthma control test scale, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, airway resistance and pulmonary function tests, BPT or BDT.

A mitochondrion targeting fluorescent probe for imaging of intracellular superoxide radicals.

An amine-reactive fluorogenic molecule specifically turned on by superoxide radicals (O2˙(-)) was synthesized and coupled to a mitochondrial (MT) targeting peptide. The obtained probe showed superior uptake and MT targeting capabilities; and successfully detected the change in O2˙(-) levels in cells treated with chemical stimuli or single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Anionic deep cavitands enable the adhesion of unmodified proteins at a membrane bilayer.

An anionic self-folding deep cavitand is capable of immobilizing unmodified proteins and enzymes at a supported lipid bilayer interface, providing a simple, soft bioreactive surface that allows enzymatic function under mild conditions. The adhesion is based on complementary charge interactions, and the hosts are capable of binding enzymes such as trypsin at the bilayer interface: the catalytic activity is retained upon adhesion, allowing selective reactions to be performed at the membrane surface.

Study on H2O2/TAED and H2O2/TBCC bleaching mechanism related to hydroxyl radical with a fluorescent probe.

The generation of hydroxyl radical (HO*) in H2O2/TAED and H2O2/TBCC systems for cotton fabric bleaching was proved and detected with a novel fluorescent probe benzenepentacarboxylic acid (BA). Effect of HO* generation on the cotton fabric bleaching performances was further discussed. The results show that HO* yield in H2O2/TAED and H2O2/TBCC systems was respectively about 11 and 15 times higher than that in H2O2 system without activators under the same alkali condition.

[Quantitative analysis of Danshensu in Tongmai Oral Solution by HPLC].

Objective: To establish a method by RP-HPLC for determination of content of Danshensu (3,4-hydroxybenzyl lacticacid) in Tongmai Oral Solution.

Methods: The samples were separated on an ODS column Hypersil C18 (10 microm, 4.6 mm x 200 mm) with the mobile phase 0.