Effect of fat distribution on left ventricular structure and function in different sexes: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Although there is an interaction between sex, body fat distribution, and cardiac structure and function, these relationships have not been fully elucidated yet. This study aims to reveal the causal relationship between genetic determinants of fat distribution pattern and function of the left ventricular structure in different sexes.

Methods: Genetic variants for waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI) were selected from genome-wide association studies conducted in European samples.

Association of the Platelets to High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Risk of Heart Disease Events in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study Utilizing the CHARLS Database.

Background: The association between the platelet to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR) and the risk of a heart disease event remains unclear. This study aims to determine whether the PHR can identify individuals at high risk for heart disease events, with a particular focus on middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals.

Methods: The retrospective cohort study encompassed 7188 middle-aged and elderly participants (>45 years) sourced from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database.

Association between body mass index and lumbar spine volumetric bone mineral density in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Background: The association between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) has shown inconsistent results, varying by sex and skeletal site. Despite normal or elevated bone mass, individuals with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of hip and vertebral fractures.

Aim: To assess lumbar spine trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) across different BMI categories in individuals with and without diabetes.

Revisiting the association between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk of neoplasm in patients with type 2 diabetes: new insights from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the association between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and the risk of neoplasm in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Literature retrieval was conducted using databases from inception to June 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SGLT-2i with placebo or other treatments in patients with T2D, and with reports of neoplasm events were included.

Cabozantinib selectively induces proteasomal degradation of p53 somatic mutant Y220C and impedes tumor growth.

Inactivation of p53 by mutations commonly occurs in human cancer. The mutated p53 proteins may escape proteolytic degradation and exhibit high expression in tumors and acquire gain-of-function activity that promotes tumor progression and chemo-resistance. Therefore, selectively targeting of the gain-of-function p53 mutants may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer prevention and treatment.

Effects of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide on Bone Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

Type 2 diabetes and weight loss are associated with detrimental skeletal health. Incretin-based therapies (GLP-1 receptor agonists, and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists) are used clinically to treat diabetes and obesity. The potential effects of semaglutide and tirzepatide on bone metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice remain uncertain.

Critical depth prediction based on in-situ stress and gas content model of deep coalbed methane in Liupanshui Coalfield in China.

In-situ stress plays a pivotal role in influencing the desorption, adsorption, and transportation of coalbed methane. The reservoir gas content represents a pivotal physical parameter, encapsulating both the coalbed methane enrichment capacity and the underlying enrichment law of the reservoir. This investigation collates, computes, and consolidates data concerning pore pressure, breakdown pressure, closure pressure, triaxial principal stress, gas content, lateral pressure coefficient, and other pertinent variables from coal reservoirs within several coal-bearing synclines in the Liupanshui coalfield, China.

Anti-diabetic agents and the risks of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the association between anti-diabetic agents and the risks of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Literature retrieval was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinicaltrial.gov between January 1995 and October 2024.

One or two? Comparison of the cardiorenal effects between combination therapy and monotherapy with SGLT2i or GLP1RA.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cardiorenal effect of combining sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) when compared with monotherapy of either agent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinicaltrial.gov were systematically searched from inception to June 2024.

Mulberry Twig Alkaloids Improved the Progression of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Regulating the PGC1α/PPARα and KEAP1/NRF2 Pathways.

: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common liver disorders associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, and poses a significant global health burden with limited effective treatments. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of mulberry twig alkaloids (SZ-A) on MAFLD and to further investigate the underlying mechanisms including the specific targets or pathways. : Diet-induced obesity (DIO) and normal mouse models were established by feeding C57Bl/6J mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) or common diet for 12 weeks.

Characterizing body composition modifying effects of a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-based agonist: A meta-analysis.

Aim: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for muscle mass loss, with possible mechanisms including impaired insulin signalling and chronic inflammation. The use of a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor-based agonist could lead to weight reduction, which might result from the loss of both fat and skeletal muscle. However, the body composition-modifying effects of GLP-1 receptor-based agonists have not been systematically characterized.

High-Order Models for Gas Transport in Multiscale Coal Rock.

The coal reservoirs exhibit great heterogeneity and strong anisotropy in multiscale pore/fracture structures. Developing highly accurate multiscale models for real-time prediction of microgaseous flow in complicated porous media with pronounced contrast in transport coefficients is crucial but not yet available, which is time-consuming, expensive, and even computationally impossible. In this study, a multiscale approximate solution of the gas flow and pressure field is derived in this paper for predicting coalbed methane (CBM) transport in macro-microscopic two-scale porous media of typical coal rocks in Guizhou Province, China, and the detailed finite element algorithm is established.

The weight reduction mediated by anti-obesity medication and the cardiovascular outcome.

The association between anti-obesity medications (AOMs) as well as their weight-loss effects and cardiovascular outcomes need to be comprehensively investigated. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials for Studies, and Clinicaltrial.gov website from the inception to April 2024 and included 129 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of AOMs.

The association between the eGFR slope and cardiorenal prognosis in patients with renoprotective treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The associations between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope and the cardiorenal prognosis in patients with renoprotective drugs have not been well characterized yet.

Methods: PubMed, Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, Weipu databases and Clinicaltrial.gov were searched from inception to April 2023.

The association between exposure to famine in early life and risks of diabetic complications in adult patients with type two diabetes.

Background: In this study, we aimed to assess the associations between early exposure to famine and the risks of diabetic complications in adult patients with type two diabetes.

Methods: The participants in this study were selected from China National HbA1c Surveillance System (2009-13) and further stratified according to the birth year. The participants born between 1956-59, 1959-61, and 1962-64 were classified as foetal exposed group with 70 852, infant/toddler exposed group with 93 616, and unexposed group with 72 723 participants.

Pregnancy Risk Assessment, Management, and Delivery Plan for Pregnant Women with Moyamoya Disease Using a Multidisciplinary Collaborative Approach: A Case Series.

Purpose: This case report aimed to summarize the risk factors, clinical characteristics, imaging changes, and maternal and fetal prognosis associated with Moyamoya disease in pregnant women and to explore effective management strategies and a comprehensive delivery plan.

Case Presentation: The clinical data of four pregnant women who were diagnosed with Moyamoya disease and admitted to our hospital between January 2010 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Their diagnosis, treatment, delivery, and postpartum management during the pregnancy were analyzed.

Five-year follow-up of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor (sintilimab) in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy exhibits potential in treating resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previously, we have reported the 3-year clinical outcomes of this trial, implying the effectiveness and feasibility of neoadjuvant sintilimab monotherapy. However, the long-term prognosis of patients receiving neoadjuvant mono-immunotherapy has yet to be elucidated.

Novel Bioactive Natural Products from Marine-Derived Fungi: A Review (2021-2023).

Marine-derived fungi are productive sources of structurally unique and diverse bioactive secondary metabolites, representing a hot topic in natural product research. This review describes structural diversity, bioactivities and statistical research of 452 new natural products from marine-derived fungi covering 2021 to 2023. Sediments are the main sources of marine-derived fungi for producing nearly 56% new natural products.

First-Principles Study of Doped ( = , ) Compounds: Enhancing Thermoelectric Properties.

Isovalent doping offers a method to enhance the thermoelectric properties of semiconductors, yet its influence on the phonon structure and propagation is often overlooked. Here, we take CdX (X=Te, Se) compounds as an example to study the role of isovalent doping in thermoelectrics by first-principles calculations in combination with the Boltzmann transport theory. The electronic and phononic properties of Cd8Se8, Cd8Se7Te, Cd8Te8, and Cd8Te7Se are compared.

FAK-LINC01089 negative regulatory loop controls chemoresistance and progression of small cell lung cancer.

The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) tyrosine kinase is activated and upregulated in multiple cancer types including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, FAK inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in clinical trials for cancer treatment. With the aim of identifying potential therapeutic strategies to inhibit FAK for cancer treatment, we investigated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that potentially regulate FAK in SCLC.

Triterpenoid saponins from and their anti-liver fibrotic activities.

A new triterpenoid saponin (), along with five known compounds (), was isolated from Wall. ex DC, of which compounds were obtained for the first time from this plant. The structures were confirmed by the analysis of 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESIMS data, and comparison with previous spectral data.

The opportunities and challenges of the disease-modifying immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

There are multiple disease-modifying immunotherapies showing the potential of preventing or delaying the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We designed and performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to gain an overview of what a role immunotherapy plays in the treatment of T1D. We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to December 2023.

Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15 A promotes translation initiation and induces G2M phase arrest during cuproptosis in cancers.

Copper ions play a crucial role as cofactors for essential enzymes in cellular processes. However, when the intracellular concentration of copper ions exceeds the homeostatic threshold, they become toxic to cells. In our study, we demonstrated that elesclomol, as a carrier of copper ions, caused an upregulation of protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15 A (PPP1R15A), which plays a role in regulating substrate selectivity of protein phosphatase 1 during cuproptosis.

JD-312 - A novel small molecule that facilitates cartilage repair and alleviates osteoarthritis progression.

Background: The chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to enhance cartilage repair and regeneration is a promising strategy to alleviate osteoarthritis (OA) progression.

Method: The potency of JD-312 in inducing chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs was assessed and verified. The efficacy of JD-312-treated MSCs was evaluated using a Sprague-Dawley rat DMM model.

Unraveling neoantigen-associated genes in bladder cancer: An in-depth analysis employing 101 machine learning algorithms.

The therapeutic outcomes for bladder cancer (BLCA) remain suboptimal. Concurrently, there is a growing appreciation for the role of neoantigens in tumors. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the involvement of neoantigen-associated genes in BLCA and their impact on prognosis.