One or two? Comparison of the cardiorenal effects between combination therapy and monotherapy with SGLT2i or GLP1RA.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cardiorenal effect of combining sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) when compared with monotherapy of either agent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinicaltrial.gov were systematically searched from inception to June 2024.

Mulberry Twig Alkaloids Improved the Progression of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Regulating the PGC1α/PPARα and KEAP1/NRF2 Pathways.

: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common liver disorders associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, and poses a significant global health burden with limited effective treatments. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of mulberry twig alkaloids (SZ-A) on MAFLD and to further investigate the underlying mechanisms including the specific targets or pathways. : Diet-induced obesity (DIO) and normal mouse models were established by feeding C57Bl/6J mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) or common diet for 12 weeks.

Characterizing body composition modifying effects of a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-based agonist: A meta-analysis.

Aim: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for muscle mass loss, with possible mechanisms including impaired insulin signalling and chronic inflammation. The use of a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor-based agonist could lead to weight reduction, which might result from the loss of both fat and skeletal muscle. However, the body composition-modifying effects of GLP-1 receptor-based agonists have not been systematically characterized.

High-Order Models for Gas Transport in Multiscale Coal Rock.

The coal reservoirs exhibit great heterogeneity and strong anisotropy in multiscale pore/fracture structures. Developing highly accurate multiscale models for real-time prediction of microgaseous flow in complicated porous media with pronounced contrast in transport coefficients is crucial but not yet available, which is time-consuming, expensive, and even computationally impossible. In this study, a multiscale approximate solution of the gas flow and pressure field is derived in this paper for predicting coalbed methane (CBM) transport in macro-microscopic two-scale porous media of typical coal rocks in Guizhou Province, China, and the detailed finite element algorithm is established.

The weight reduction mediated by anti-obesity medication and the cardiovascular outcome.

The association between anti-obesity medications (AOMs) as well as their weight-loss effects and cardiovascular outcomes need to be comprehensively investigated. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials for Studies, and Clinicaltrial.gov website from the inception to April 2024 and included 129 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of AOMs.

The association between the eGFR slope and cardiorenal prognosis in patients with renoprotective treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The associations between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope and the cardiorenal prognosis in patients with renoprotective drugs have not been well characterized yet.

Methods: PubMed, Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, Weipu databases and Clinicaltrial.gov were searched from inception to April 2023.

The association between exposure to famine in early life and risks of diabetic complications in adult patients with type two diabetes.

Background: In this study, we aimed to assess the associations between early exposure to famine and the risks of diabetic complications in adult patients with type two diabetes.

Methods: The participants in this study were selected from China National HbA1c Surveillance System (2009-13) and further stratified according to the birth year. The participants born between 1956-59, 1959-61, and 1962-64 were classified as foetal exposed group with 70 852, infant/toddler exposed group with 93 616, and unexposed group with 72 723 participants.

Pregnancy Risk Assessment, Management, and Delivery Plan for Pregnant Women with Moyamoya Disease Using a Multidisciplinary Collaborative Approach: A Case Series.

Purpose: This case report aimed to summarize the risk factors, clinical characteristics, imaging changes, and maternal and fetal prognosis associated with Moyamoya disease in pregnant women and to explore effective management strategies and a comprehensive delivery plan.

Case Presentation: The clinical data of four pregnant women who were diagnosed with Moyamoya disease and admitted to our hospital between January 2010 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Their diagnosis, treatment, delivery, and postpartum management during the pregnancy were analyzed.

Five-year follow-up of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor (sintilimab) in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy exhibits potential in treating resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previously, we have reported the 3-year clinical outcomes of this trial, implying the effectiveness and feasibility of neoadjuvant sintilimab monotherapy. However, the long-term prognosis of patients receiving neoadjuvant mono-immunotherapy has yet to be elucidated.

Novel Bioactive Natural Products from Marine-Derived Fungi: A Review (2021-2023).

Marine-derived fungi are productive sources of structurally unique and diverse bioactive secondary metabolites, representing a hot topic in natural product research. This review describes structural diversity, bioactivities and statistical research of 452 new natural products from marine-derived fungi covering 2021 to 2023. Sediments are the main sources of marine-derived fungi for producing nearly 56% new natural products.

First-Principles Study of Doped ( = , ) Compounds: Enhancing Thermoelectric Properties.

Isovalent doping offers a method to enhance the thermoelectric properties of semiconductors, yet its influence on the phonon structure and propagation is often overlooked. Here, we take CdX (X=Te, Se) compounds as an example to study the role of isovalent doping in thermoelectrics by first-principles calculations in combination with the Boltzmann transport theory. The electronic and phononic properties of Cd8Se8, Cd8Se7Te, Cd8Te8, and Cd8Te7Se are compared.

FAK-LINC01089 negative regulatory loop controls chemoresistance and progression of small cell lung cancer.

The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) tyrosine kinase is activated and upregulated in multiple cancer types including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, FAK inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in clinical trials for cancer treatment. With the aim of identifying potential therapeutic strategies to inhibit FAK for cancer treatment, we investigated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that potentially regulate FAK in SCLC.

Triterpenoid saponins from and their anti-liver fibrotic activities.

A new triterpenoid saponin (), along with five known compounds (), was isolated from Wall. ex DC, of which compounds were obtained for the first time from this plant. The structures were confirmed by the analysis of 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESIMS data, and comparison with previous spectral data.

The opportunities and challenges of the disease-modifying immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

There are multiple disease-modifying immunotherapies showing the potential of preventing or delaying the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We designed and performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to gain an overview of what a role immunotherapy plays in the treatment of T1D. We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to December 2023.

Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15 A promotes translation initiation and induces G2M phase arrest during cuproptosis in cancers.

Copper ions play a crucial role as cofactors for essential enzymes in cellular processes. However, when the intracellular concentration of copper ions exceeds the homeostatic threshold, they become toxic to cells. In our study, we demonstrated that elesclomol, as a carrier of copper ions, caused an upregulation of protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15 A (PPP1R15A), which plays a role in regulating substrate selectivity of protein phosphatase 1 during cuproptosis.

JD-312 - A novel small molecule that facilitates cartilage repair and alleviates osteoarthritis progression.

Background: The chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to enhance cartilage repair and regeneration is a promising strategy to alleviate osteoarthritis (OA) progression.

Method: The potency of JD-312 in inducing chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs was assessed and verified. The efficacy of JD-312-treated MSCs was evaluated using a Sprague-Dawley rat DMM model.

Unraveling neoantigen-associated genes in bladder cancer: An in-depth analysis employing 101 machine learning algorithms.

The therapeutic outcomes for bladder cancer (BLCA) remain suboptimal. Concurrently, there is a growing appreciation for the role of neoantigens in tumors. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the involvement of neoantigen-associated genes in BLCA and their impact on prognosis.

Hsa_circ_0001583 fuels bladder cancer metastasis by promoting staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1-mediated MicroRNA decay.

Muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer indicates extra worse prognosis. Accumulating evidence roots for the prominent role of circular RNAs(circRNAs) in bladder cancer, while the mechanisms linking circRNAs and bladder cancer metastasis remain limitedly investigated. Here, we identified a significantly upregulated circRNA candidate, hsa_circ_0001583, from online datasets.

Primary aldosteronism and obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis of prevalence and metabolic characteristics.

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are both causes for resistant hypertension and contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcome. However, the association of these two disorders remains to be investigated. We conducted this meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence and metabolic characteristics of the coexistence of PA and OSA.

Indirect comparison of efficacy and safety of chiglitazar and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.

Background: Chiglitazar is an emerging pan-agonist of all peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR)-α, δ and γ, and has therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, to date, no clinical studies or meta-analyses have compared the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar and traditional PPAR-γ agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs). A meta-analysis concerning this topic is therefore required.

Dapagliflozin treatment and cardiovascular outcome in RBP4/TTR (transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis) mice.

Aims: Whether sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors are effective for heart failure caused by ATTR-CA (transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis) remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to investigate the cardiovascular prognosis in ATTR-CA mice model with dapagliflozin treatment.

Methods And Results: Humanized RBP4/TTR and RBP4/TTR mice models were constructed with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated Cas9 endonuclease (CRISPR-Cas9) techniques and multiple generations breeding.

Efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with single-agent chemotherapy as second- or later-line therapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: This study sought to assess the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with single-agent chemotherapy as a second- or later-line setting for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to provide clinical evidence for this treatment regimen. The predictive value of extracellular vesicle (EV) membrane proteins was explored in patients who underwent this treatment.

Methods: Clinical data from patients diagnosed with metastatic NSCLC who received immunotherapy plus single-agent chemotherapy as a second- or later-line setting were retrospectively collected between March 2019 and January 2022.

Multimodal analysis of cell-free DNA whole-methylome sequencing for cancer detection and localization.

Multimodal epigenetic characterization of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) could improve the performance of blood-based early cancer detection. However, integrative profiling of cfDNA methylome and fragmentome has been technologically challenging. Here, we adapt an enzyme-mediated methylation sequencing method for comprehensive analysis of genome-wide cfDNA methylation, fragmentation, and copy number alteration (CNA) characteristics for enhanced cancer detection.

Plasma extracellular vesicle long RNAs predict response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has brought new hope for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, limited by the lack of clinically feasible markers, it is still difficult to select NSCLC patients who respond well and to predict patients' clinical outcomes before the treatment. Before the treatment, we isolated plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) from three cohorts (discovery, training and validation) of 78 NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy.