Bacillus amyloliquefaciens promotes cluster root formation of white lupin under low phosphorus by mediating auxin levels.

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) produces cluster roots to acquire more phosphorus under phosphorus deficiency. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 contributes to plant growth, but whether and how it promotes cluster root formation in white lupin remain unclear.

A Surface-Mediated Biomimetic Porous Polyether-Ether-Ketone Scaffold for Regulating Immunity and Promoting Osteogenesis.

The repair of critical-sized bone defects remains a major challenge for clinical orthopedic surgery. Here, we develop a surface biofunctionalized three-dimensional (3D) porous polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) scaffold that can simultaneously promote osteogenesis and regulate macrophage polarization. The scaffold is created using polydopamine (PDA)-assisted immobilization of silk fibroin (SF) and the electrostatic self-assembly of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) on a 3D-printed porous PEEK scaffold.

Effects of postoperative antioxidants on the salivary glands in patients with thyroid cancer undergoing radioactive iodine-131 treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three antioxidants, selenium yeast capsule, vitamin E and vitamin C, alone or in combination, on the salivary glands of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treated with iodine-131 ( 131 I).

Methods: A total of 69 postoperative DTC patients were randomly divided into three groups: vitamin E combined with vitamin C group (21 cases); selenium yeast group (23 cases); and selenium yeast combined with vitamin C group (25 cases). Salivary gland functional changes were assessed by salivary gland dynamic imaging functional parameters in the enrolled patients before and 1 month after 131 I treatment.

Scaffold-based non-viral CRISPR delivery platform for efficient and prolonged gene activation to accelerate tissue regeneration.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat activation (CRISPRa) technology has emerged as a precise genome editing tool for activating endogenous transgene expression. While it holds promise for precise cell modification, its translation into tissue engineering has been hampered by biosafety concerns and suboptimal delivery methods. To address these challenges, we have developed a CRISPRa non-viral gene delivery platform by immobilizing non-viral CRISPRa complexes into a biocompatible hydrogel/nanofiber (Gel/NF) composite scaffold.

Auxin-producing bacteria promote barley rhizosheath formation.

The rhizosheath, or the layer of soil closely adhering to roots, can help plants to tolerate drought under moderate soil drying conditions. Rhizosheath formation is the result of poorly understood interactions between root exudates, microbes, and soil conditions. Here, we study the roles played by the soil microbiota in rhizosheath formation in barley (a dry crop).

Visualizing the distribution of flavonoids in litchi () seeds through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging.

Flavonoids are one of the most important bioactive components in litchi ( Sonn.) seeds and have broad-spectrum antiviral and antitumor activities. Litchi seeds have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and induce apoptosis, particularly effective against breast and liver cancers.

Recent trends in emerging strategies for ferroptosis-based cancer therapy.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent mode of regulated cell death, is induced by lipid peroxidation, whose occurrence and execution are primarily controlled by metabolism of iron, lipids, amino acids and glutathione. In recent years, the fast-growing studies of ferroptosis in cancer have promoted its application in cancer therapy. So, this review focuses on the feasibility and characteristics of initiating ferroptosis for cancer therapy, as well as the main mechanism of ferroptosis.

Designing multifunctional biocatalytic cascade system by multi-enzyme co-immobilization on biopolymers and nanostructured materials.

In recent decades, enzyme-based biocatalytic systems have garnered increasing interest in industrial and applied research for catalysis and organic chemistry. Many enzymatic reactions have been applied to sustainable and environmentally friendly production processes, particularly in the pharmaceutical, fine chemicals, and flavor/fragrance industries. However, only a fraction of the enzymes available has been stepped up towards industrial-scale manufacturing due to low enzyme stability and challenging separation, recovery, and reusability.

High-Strength, Biomimetic Functional Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Full-Thickness Osteochondral Defect Repair.

Fabrication of a hydrogel scaffold for full-thickness osteochondral defect repair remains a grand challenge. Developing layered and multiphasic hydrogels to mimic the intrinsic hierarchical structure of the osteochondral unit is a promising strategy. Chitosan-based hydrogels are widely applied for biomedical applications.

Spatiotemporal Delivery of pBMP2 and pVEGF by a Core-Sheath Structured Fiber-Hydrogel Gene-Activated Matrix Loaded with Peptide-Modified Nanoparticles for Critical-Sized Bone Defect Repair.

The clinical translation of bioactive scaffolds for the treatment of large segmental bone defects remains a grand challenge. The gene-activated matrix (GAM) combining gene therapy and tissue engineering scaffold offers a promising strategy for the restoration of structure and function of damaged or dysfunctional tissues. Herein, a gene-activated biomimetic composite scaffold consisting of an electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) fiber sheath and an alginate hydrogel core which carried plasmid DNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein 2 (pBMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (pVEGF), respectively, is developed.

Effect of vitamin E and supragingival scaling on salivary gland function in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with 131I.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and supragingival scaling with vitamin C on the salivary glands of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after 131I treatment.

Methods: A total of 89 prospective patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were enrolled and randomly divided into the following groups: vitamin E group (n = 30, group A), vitamin C group (n = 30, group B) and supragingival scaling with vitamin C group (n = 29, group C). Using functional indices (e.

Controlled pVEGF delivery via a gene-activated matrix comprised of a peptide-modified non-viral vector and a nanofibrous scaffold for skin wound healing.

Regulating cell function and tissue formation by combining gene delivery with functional scaffolds to create gene-activated matrices (GAMs) is a promising strategy for tissue engineering. However, fabrication of GAMs with low cytotoxicity, high transfection efficiency, and long-term gene delivery properties remains a challenge. In this study, a non-viral DNA delivery nanocomplex was developed by modifying poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)/polyethylenimine (PLGA/PEI) nanoparticles with the cell-penetrating peptide KALA.

The Synergy of Topographical Micropatterning and Ta|TaCu Bilayered Thin Film on Titanium Implants Enables Dual-Functions of Enhanced Osteogenesis and Anti-Infection.

Poor osteogenesis and implant-associated infection are the two leading causes of failure for dental and orthopedic implants. Surface design with enhanced osteogenesis often fails in antibacterial activity, or vice versa. Herein, a surface design strategy, which overcomes this trade-off via the synergistic effects of topographical micropatterning and a bilayered nanostructured metallic thin film is presented.

Cancellous bone-like porous Fe@Zn scaffolds with core-shell-structured skeletons for biodegradable bone implants.

Three-dimensional (3D) porous zinc (Zn) with a moderate degradation rate is a promising candidate for biodegradable bone scaffolds. However, fabrication of such scaffolds with adequate mechanical properties remains a challenge. Moreover, the composition, crystallography and microstructure of the in vivo degradation products formed at or near the implant-bone interface are still not precisely known.

Hierarchical Carbon Nanowire/Ni@MnO Nanocomposites for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

A 3D hierarchical carbon cloth/nitrogen-doped carbon nanowires/Ni@MnO (CC/N-CNWs/Ni@MnO ) nanocomposite electrode was rationally designed and prepared by electrodeposition. The N-CNWs derived from polypyrrole (PPy) nanowires on the carbon cloth have an open framework structure, which greatly increases the contact area between the electrode and electrolyte and provides short diffusion paths. The incorporation of the Ni layer between the N-CNWs and MnO is beneficial for significantly enhancing the electrical conductivity and boosting fast charge transfer as well as improving the charge-collection capacity.

15-hydroxy-6,12-epoxy-7,10H,11H-spiroax-4-ene-12-one sensitizes rectal tumor cells to anti-PD1 treatment through agonism of CD11b.

Purpose: Although immunotherapies have resulted in durable clinical responses, not all tumor types have seen substantial benefit. Extensive recruitment and accumulation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells into the tumor tissues has been postulated as a major mechanism of resistance to immunotherapies. Strategies targeting on single immunosuppressive cell type, in combination with checkpoint inhibitors, have resulted in promising outcomes in animal studies.

Mussel-inspired dopamine oligomer intercalated tough and resilient gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels for cartilage regeneration.

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels are widely used for tissue regeneration. Nonetheless, a pure GelMA hydrogel cannot efficiently serve for cartilage regeneration because of weak mechanical properties and brittleness. In this study, we established a mussel-inspired strategy for tuning the mechanical properties of GelMA hydrogels by intercalating oligomers of dopamine methacrylate (ODMA) into the chain of GelMA.

Engineering High-Resolution Micropatterns Directly onto Titanium with Optimized Contact Guidance to Promote Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Regeneration.

Topographical cues play an important role in directing cell behavior, and thus, extensive research efforts have been devoted to fabrication of surface patterns and exploring the contact guidance effect. However, engineering high-resolution micropatterns directly onto metallic implants remains a grand challenge. Moreover, there still lacks evidence that allows translation of in vitro screening to in vivo tissue response.

Experimental and simulation studies of strontium/fluoride-codoped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with osteogenic and antibacterial activities.

Multiple ions codoping may effectively modulate physicochemical and biological properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) for diverse biomedical applications. This study synthesized strontium (Sr)-, fluorine (F)- doped, and Sr/F-codoped HA nanoparticles by a hydrothermal method, and investigated the effect of ion doping on characteristics of HA, including crystallinity, crystal size, lattice parameters, and substitution sites by experiments and simulation with density functional theory (DFT) methods. It was found that, Sr doping increased the lattice parameters of HA whereas F doping decreased these parameters.

A Mussel-Inspired Persistent ROS-Scavenging, Electroactive, and Osteoinductive Scaffold Based on Electrochemical-Driven In Situ Nanoassembly.

Conductive polymers are promising for bone regeneration because they can regulate cell behavior through electrical stimulation; moreover, they are antioxidative agents that can be used to protect cells and tissues from damage originating from reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, conductive polymers lack affinity to cells and osteoinductivity, which limits their application in tissue engineering. Herein, an electroactive, cell affinitive, persistent ROS-scavenging, and osteoinductive porous Ti scaffold is prepared by the on-surface in situ assembly of a polypyrrole-polydopamine-hydroxyapatite (PPy-PDA-HA) film through a layer-by-layer pulse electrodeposition (LBL-PED) method.

Plant-inspired adhesive and tough hydrogel based on Ag-Lignin nanoparticles-triggered dynamic redox catechol chemistry.

Adhesive hydrogels have gained popularity in biomedical applications, however, traditional adhesive hydrogels often exhibit short-term adhesiveness, poor mechanical properties and lack of antibacterial ability. Here, a plant-inspired adhesive hydrogel has been developed based on Ag-Lignin nanoparticles (NPs)triggered dynamic redox catechol chemistry. Ag-Lignin NPs construct the dynamic catechol redox system, which creates long-lasting reductive-oxidative environment inner hydrogel networks.

A strong, tough, and osteoconductive hydroxyapatite mineralized polyacrylamide/dextran hydrogel for bone tissue regeneration.

The design of hydrogels with adequate mechanical properties and excellent bioactivity, osteoconductivity, and capacity for osseointegration is essential to bone repair and regeneration. However, it is challenging to integrate all these properties into one bone scaffold. Herein, we developed a strong, tough, osteoconductive hydrogel by a facile one-step micellar copolymerization of acrylamide and urethacrylate dextran (Dex-U), followed by the in situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals.