Doublesex regulates male sexual development in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus.

Insects have evolved a diversity of regulatory mechanisms to determine their sex. Understanding the molecular regulation mechanisms of insect sex determination is of great significance in revealing the general law of insect sex determination and providing potential routes for the genetic manipulation of pest species. Although the sex determination cascade and doublesex (dsx) gene functions have been well described in some holometabolous insects, little is known about this cascade in hemimetabolous insects.

Characteristics stochastic analysis of long and narrow deep excavations under soil spatial variability.

The mechanical properties of soil, resulting from the weathering of rocks through physical and chemical processes, exhibit spatial variability. This variability introduces uncertainties in the design and characteristics of excavation projects. To address these uncertainties caused by soil spatial variability, safety factors are commonly used in excavation design.

Effects of Low Concentrations of Hypochloric Acid on the Agricultural Soil Properties.

The oxidant (e.g., hypochlorous acid, HClO) has been widely used to remediate contaminated sites.

Breathing Laser-Spectral Mapping of Cavity-Enhanced Redox Reactions with Subcellular Resolution.

Precise and dynamic observation of redox reactions in living organisms holds significant importance for the study of physiological processes and pathological mechanisms. However, the current technologies still make it challenging to monitor this process in a nondestructive and highly sensitive manner. Herein, we introduced a bioactive laser approach for ultrasensitive and real-time monitoring of intracellular redox reactions.

Organic acid-enhanced production of hydroxyl radicals during HO-based chemical oxidation for the remediation of contaminated soil.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO)-based in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is widely used for remediating contaminated groundwater and soil. However, its effectiveness can be limited by a low efficiency of HO utilization, leading to increased costs. In this study, we showed that ascorbic acid (AA), citric acid, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (used for comparison) significantly increased OH production (by 2.

Digital Lasing Biochip for Tumor-Derived Exosome Analysis.

Digital microfluidics represents an emerging versatile platform that offers numerous advantages in biomolecule detection. However, conventional probes often lack high-intensity and high-sensitivity signals, making it challenging for precise and automatic analysis. Recently, optical microresonators stand as a prominent high-sensitivity detection in the biological field.

BiVO/BiVO isometallic heterojunction coupled with FeOOH/NiOOH cocatalysts for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

The four-electron water oxidation reaction in photoelectrochemical systems poses a major challenge to efficiently converting solar energy into chemical energy amid the global energy crisis. Herein, we report a strategy to develop a photoelectrochemical system using BiVO/BiVO isometallic heterojunction photoanodes paired with FeOOH/NiOOH cocatalysts to enhance water oxidation in neutral electrolytes. The results demonstrate that the BiVO/BiVO/FeOOH/NiOOH photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 4.

Crystal Structure Prediction Meets Artificial Intelligence.

Crystal structure prediction (CSP) represents a fundamental research frontier in computational materials science and chemistry, aiming to predict thermodynamically stable periodic structures from given chemical compositions. Traditional methods often face challenges such as high computational costs and local minima trapping. Recently, artificial intelligence methods, represented by generative adversarial networks (GANs), variational autoencoders (VAEs), diffusion models, and large language models (LLMs), have revolutionized the traditional prediction paradigm.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia modulates energy metabolic pathways and improves hypoxia tolerance capacity in golden pompano, Trachinotus blochii.

Hypoxia is one of the most significant abiotic stresses affecting organisms in aquatic environments. However, dissolved oxygen in water is not always at the low concentrations that cause hypoxia, but their levels often fluctuate. Here, golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) was subjected to low oxygen concentrations for 28 days (intermittent hypoxia, 2 h per day), and their metabolic indexes were systematically evaluated.

The Transcription Factor Regulates Capsaicinoid Biosynthesis in Pepper Fruits.

Pepper is an important vegetable and economic crop, and the MYB family is one of the most numerous transcription factor families in plants, extensively participating in various biological processes such as plant growth, development, and stress resistance. In this study, is identified as a differentially expressed gene in the pepper fruit, and is expressed with higher expression levels in the placenta and pericarp at different development stages of pepper fruit. Analysis of the promoter -elements revealed that this gene contains not only core elements but also environmental factor response elements and plant hormone response elements.

Ancient ocean coastal deposits imaged on Mars.

The northern lowlands of early Mars could have contained a significant quantity of liquid water. However, the ocean hypothesis remains controversial due to the lack of conclusive evidence from the Martian subsurface. We use data from the Zhurong Rover Penetrating Radar on the southern Utopia Planitia to identify subsurface dipping reflectors indicative of an ancient prograding shoreline.

Universal in situ oxide-based ABX-structured seeds for templating halide perovskite growth in All-perovskite tandems.

Precise control over halide perovskite crystallization is pivotal for realizing efficient solar cells. Here, we introduce a strategy utilizing in-situ-formed oxide-based ABX-structured seeds to regulate perovskite crystallization and growth. Introducing potassium stannate into perovskite precursors triggers a spontaneous reaction with lead iodide, producing potassium iodide and lead stannate.

Semi-Organic Artificial Photosynthetic System with Engineered Phenoxazinone Derivatives for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production with Broadened Near-Infrared Light Harvesting.

Natural photosynthetic systems utilize complex pigment-protein assemblies for light harvesting across a broad spectral range from UV to near-infrared, enabling efficient photogeneration and charge separation. Conventional photocatalysts, however, primarily absorb UV (<380 nm) and visible light (380-780 nm), resulting in suboptimal spectral utilization. This study introduces a semi-organic artificial photosynthetic system that integrates molecularly engineered phenoxazinone derivatives with H-doped rutile TiO (H-TiO) nanorods.

Optimizing the landscape in grain production and identifying trade-offs between ecological benefits based on production possibility frontiers: A case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

There are severe conflicts between grain production and ecological benefits, and how to explore the critical configurations of agricultural landscapes and natural habitats to clarify sustainable scenarios remains unclear. Thus, this study explored a transferable approach to generating the production possibility frontiers of trade-offs between grain production and ecological benefits (biodiversity, carbon sink, and water consumption) under unconstrained, ecological constraint, and agricultural and ecological constraint scenarios, and identified the threshold and safety area for landscape optimization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region of China. When reaching the Pareto optimality of trade-off frontiers, the grain yield and biodiversity increased by 10%-17%, the grain yield and carbon sink increased by 15%-48%, and the grain yield and water consumption improved by 4%-25%.

Tuning Zn Deposition Kinetics towards Deep-Reversible Zinc Metal Batteries with All-Climate Adaptability.

Uncontrollable Zn dendrites and severe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) hamper the practical application of aqueous zinc-metal batteries, which closely related to the deposition kinetics and thermodynamic stability of Zn anode. In this work, we returned to the classic perspectives of kinetics and thermodynamics, introducing a small amount of reduced glutathione (RGSH) to reshape the kinetic behavior of Zn deposition and increasing the thermodynamic energy barrier of HER. Specifically, the steric hindrance effect of RGSH tuned the electrochemical reduction kinetics to match Zn migration and increased the proportion of Zn in the bulk phase migration, thereby inducing dendrite-free deposition behavior with ordered (002) texturing.

A molecularly imprinted near-infrared electrochemiluminescence sensor based on copper nanowires and signal dual-amplification strategy for the sensitive detection of enrofloxacin.

Enrofloxacin (ENR) residues in animal derived foods are harmful to human health. A molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor was constructed for ENR detection utilizing a self-enhanced quasi-three-dimensional luminescent-composite of boron nitride quantum dots/nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon crosslinked with copper nanowires (BNQDs/NMC-CuNWs). One-dimensional CuNWs with near-infrared electrochemiluminescence (NIR-ECL) properties were inserted into the electroactive layer of two-dimensional NMC to form quasi-three-dimensional NMC-CuNWs, which inhibited the aggregation of CuNWs and increased the electron and active ion transport rates.

Characteristic and functional study of intersex, a gene involved in sexual development in Gryllus bimaculatus.

As a gene required for sexual development, intersex (ix), functions in concert with the female-specific product of doublesex (dsx) at the end of the hierarchy to facilitate the sex-specific differentiation of sexually dimorphic characters in female Drosophila melanogaster. In the present study, we initially identified the ix homolog in Gryllus bimaculatus, with the detection of a single isoform expressed in both sexes. Phylogenetic analyses and multiple sequence alignment revealed that Gbix exhibited conservation.

Self-Enhanced Near-Infrared Copper Nanoscale Electrochemiluminescence Probe for the Sensitive Detection of Ciprofloxacin in Foods.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a widely used broad-spectrum antibiotic, poses a serious threat to human health and environmental safety due to its residues. The complementary monomers molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor (MIECLS) based on a polyvinylpyrrolidone-functionalized copper nanowires (CuNWs@PVP) luminescent probe was constructed for the ultra-sensitive detection of CIP. CuNWs with low cost and high conductivity exhibited near-infrared electrochemiluminescence (NIR ECL) properties, yet their self-aggregation and oxidation led to a weakened emission phenomenon.

Interventional Effects of Edible Bird's Nest and Free Sialic Acids on LPS-Induced Brain Inflammation in Mice.

Our study investigated the effects and mechanisms of edible bird's nest (EBN) and free sialic acids (SA) on LPS-induced brain inflammation in mice. : The experiment divided the mice into four groups: control group (CON), lipopolysaccharide group (LPS), EBN intervention group (EBN, 200 mg/kg/d in dry EBN), and sialic acid intervention group (SA, dosage was calibrated based on the concentration of sialic acid in EBN). : The results showed that LPS caused a decrease followed by upregulation in body weight in female mice, and EBN exhibited renal protective effects.

Dynamic Observation of Colonic Lesions, Commensal Microbiome and Mycobiome Variations in Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid -Induced Experimental Crohn's Disease in Rats.

Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the entire digestive lining. Although the pathogenesis of CD remains unclear, multiple factors especially altered microbiota are among its causes. In this study, an experimental CD model was established by TNBS-enema.

The impact of teacher support on school adaptation among Chinese urban adolescents: a moderated mediation model.

Background: The issue of school adaptation among urban adolescents has received increasing attention. Previous research has primarily focused on Chinese rural and mobile adolescents, exploring the impact of factors such as teacher support, resilience, and left-behind status on their academic achievement. However, there has been relatively limited research on urban adolescents in this regard.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of gumarontinib versus savolitinib for the treatment of advanced or metastatic NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping mutations in China using partitioned survival model.

Background And Objectives: Both gumarontinib and savolitinib have demonstrated efficacy in treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with tumors harboring mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor gene exon 14 (METex14) skipping. However, the comparison of their efficacy and pharmacoeconomics profiles remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of gumarontinib versus savolitinib for the treatment of METex14 skipping NSCLC in China.

Selective Construction of 2,4-Bisthioquinolines via Copper-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization from -Alkynylphenyl Isothiocyanates.

The selective synthesis of polysubstituted quinoline has been recognized as an important but highly challenging transformation. In this study, a highly efficient method for the synthesis of 2,4-bisthioquinolines has been developed through a copper(II)-promoted tandem cycloaddition of -alkynylphenyl isothiocyanates, utilizing inexpensive and readily available sodium sulfide (NaS) as the sulfur source. This transformation enables the direct synthesis of 2,4-bis(thioquinoline) heterocycles via the formation of C-C and C-S bonds in a one-pot reaction, demonstrating excellent tolerance for various functional groups.

Force analysis of slope reinforced by Frame-Anchor-Support-Structure based on improved horizontal slice method.

As a flexible support structure commonly used in slope stabilization and management, the Frame-Anchor-Support-Structure (FASS) is of great significance in studying the actual stress situation to ensure the safety of slopes. In this paper, based on the traditional horizontal slice method, utilizing the principle that the vertical slice method and the horizontal slice method share the same sliding surface, the inter-strip force between soil slices, the effect of the FASS, the effect of the slope-top uniform load, and the relationship between the vertical slice method and the horizontal slice method of the force conversion is considered at the same time. The improved horizontal slice method for the slope reinforced by the FASS is also proposed, and the force calculation formula for the slope reinforced by FASS is derived.

Precise and controllable synthesis of ultra-stable gold nanoparticles based on polymer templates for miRNA detection.

Here, a novel strategy for the preparation of ultra-stable gold nanoparticles was developed based on a core-shell structure of single-molecule micelles, which offered advantages such as convenience, rapid preparation, size control. These ultra-stable gold nanoparticles enable specific miRNA detection, facilitating the precise screening of tumor cells.