Machine Learning Potential for Copper Hydride Clusters: A Neutron Diffraction-Independent Approach for Locating Hydrogen Positions.

Determining hydrogen positions in metal hydride clusters remains a formidable challenge, which relies heavily on unaffordable neutron diffraction. While machine learning has shown promise, only one deep learning-based method has been proposed so far, which relies heavily on neutron diffraction data for training, limiting its general applicability. In this work, we present an innovative strategy─SSW-NN (stochastic surface walking with neural network)─a robust, non-neutron diffraction-dependent technique that accurately predicts hydrogen positions.

Comprehensive dataset of interactors for the entire PARP family using TurboID proximity labeling.

A comprehensive dataset detailing protein interactors for the PARP family has been generated using TurboID proximity labeling under standardized experimental conditions. V5-TurboID fusion constructs enabled identification of 6,314 high-confidence interacting proteins through mass spectrometry, capturing transient interactions undetectable by conventional methods. Parallel GFP-PARP localization experiments validated physiological subcellular distributions.

Integrating untargeted/targeted metabolomics and network pharmacology association analysis to study the mechanism of safflower regulating C18:0 sphingolipid metabolism to treat acute myocardial ischemia.

Background: Safflower extract (SE) has been reported to treat acute myocardial ischemia (AMI); however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Purpose: To investigate the ameliorative effects of SE on rats with AMI and the underlying mechanism.

Methods: UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method was used to analyze the drug-derived components in the serum of rats following SE administration.

QingReDu capsule ameliorates psoriasis vulgaris by regulating EZH2/NF-κB signaling pathway.

QingReDu Capsule is commonly used clinically to treat psoriasis vulgaris, the mechanism of treating psoriasis vulgaris is still unclear. Using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), we analyzed the components in rat plasma after QingReDu Capsule administration. We then predicted the mechanistic pathways of QingReDu Capsule in ameliorating psoriasis vulgaris by screening the intersecting targets of the QingReDu Capsule plasma entry components and psoriasis vulgaris using network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Atomic-Level Elucidation of Lattice-Hydrogens in Copper Catalysts for Selective CO Electrochemical Conversion toward C Products.

Copper is the most efficient and practical electrocatalyst for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (ECR) to give multicarbon (C) products, but the mechanism by which such products are formed - though known to involve lattice-hydrogens - remains elusive, and the selectivity of the reaction is poor. Herein, we report the synthesis of [AuCu(dppp)H], a copper hydride nanocluster bearing exposed CuH units in specific surface cavities, and our use of it to study the mechansim and selectivity of the reduction of CO to C products. Results of in situ infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations showed that these CuH units can effectively lower the energy barrier to the formation of the *COCOH intermediate, which allowed the competition between the C and C pathways to be elucidated.

Odd-Chain Fatty Acid-Enriched Fats Improve Growth and Intestinal Morphology and Function in Milk Replacer-Fed Piglets.

Background: The intestinal development and nutritional needs of piglets after birth are similar to those of human infants.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of different forms of odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs) on the growth and intestinal morphology and function of milk replacer-fed piglets, as a model for human infants.

Methods: Forty 7-d-old piglets from 8 sows were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n = 8, each from a different litter) and fed sow milk or milk replacers supplemented with different kinds of fats (control fats, docosahexaenoic acid algal oil-, OCFA algal oil-, and OCFA-enriched fats) for 21 d.

Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Activation of Mirror Neuron Network in Healthy Adults during Motor Execution and Imitation: An fNIRS Study.

Background: Observation, execution, and imitation of target actions based on mirror neuron network (MNN) have become common physiotherapy strategies. Electrical stimulation (ES) is a common intervention to improve muscle strength and motor control in rehabilitation treatments. It is possible to enhance MNN's activation by combining motor execution (ME) and motor imitation (MI) with ES simultaneously.

Twelve-hour ultradian rhythmic reprogramming of gene expression in the human ovary during aging.

Background: The 12-h ultradian rhythm plays a crucial role in metabolic homeostasis, but its role in ovarian aging has not been explored. This study investigates age-related changes in 12-h rhythmic gene expression across various human tissues, with a particular focus on the ovary.

Methods: We analyzed transcriptomic data from the GTEx project to examine 12-h ultradian rhythmic gene expression across multiple peripheral human tissues, exploring sex-specific patterns and age-related reprogramming of both 12-h and 24-h rhythmic gene expression.

A glutathione-sensitive small molecule fluorescent probe for rapid and facile gut microbiota sensing.

The human gut microbiota plays an integral role in the management of human health. Effective detection of gut-derived bacteria and their metabolites, as well as assessing antibiotic susceptibility, are crucial for the treatment of intestinal bacteria-related diseases. Herein, we designed and developed a dual-site (nitrophenyl sulfide group and aldehyde group) fluorescent probe DNO-HC, which could rapidly (∼1 min) respond to glutathione (GSH) with low background fluorescence, high selectivity, and low detection limits (45 nM).

Modulating Nitrogen Adsorption Mode and Microenvironment of Active Sites for Boosting Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction.

Electrochemical reduction of N (NRR) offers a sustainable approach for ammonia (NH) synthesis, serving as a complementary to the traditional emission- and energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. However, it faces challenges in N activation and competing with pronounced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein an efficient electrocatalyst comprised of ultrafine Ru nanoclusters (NCs) confined by a hydrophobic molecular layer is developed on the surface of 2D TiCT for NRR.

Effect of Process Conditions on the Microstructure and Properties of Supercritical Ni-GQDs Plating.

The Ni-GQDs composite plating was created using direct current (DC), single-pulse, and double-pulse power supplies, with GQDs serving as additives under supercritical CO conditions. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of different electrodeposition power sources on the microstructure and properties of the Ni-GQDs composite plating. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) was employed to investigate the distribution of GQDs within the composite plating as well as to analyze d-spacing and diffraction patterns.

Highly sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probe for monitoring peroxynitrite in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Toward early diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses a significant global health concern, necessitating precise diagnostic tools and effective treatment strategies. Peroxynitrite (ONOO), a reactive oxygen species, plays a pivotal role in NAFLD pathogenesis, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation. This study reports on the development of a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe, designated DRP-O, for the selective detection of ONOO with high sensitivity and photostability.

Technically feasible solutions to challenges in preimplantation genetic testing for thalassemia: experiences of multiple centers between 2019 and 2022.

Purpose: In clinical practice, the success of preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases (PGT-M) for thalassemia was hindered by the absence of probands, incomplete family members, or failure in detecting embryonic gene mutation sites. This study aimed to address these issues.

Methods: This retrospective study included 342 couples undergoing PGT-M for α- or β-thalassemia at three reproductive medicine centers from 2019 to 2022.

Visualization of cysteine in AD mouse with a high-quantum yield NIR fluorescent probe.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has gradually received enthusiastic attention with the aging process, and studying its biological relevance is expected. Excitingly, fluorescence probes were considered to be powerful tools for exploring biological correlations. Therefore, a highly selective near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (DCM-Cl-Acr) for imaging cysteine (Cys) in AD was designed and synthesized.

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Correlation Analysis of in Rats with Myocardial Ischemia.

The pharmacokinetics (PK) of in rats were studied, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) correlation analysis was performed to elucidate their time-concentration-effect relationship. The myocardial ischemia model was made with pituitrin. Rats were divided into sham operation, sham operation administration, model, and model administration groups (SG, SDG, MG, and MDG, respectively; = 6).

Highly Tribo-Positive Nylon-11 Film Fabricated by Multiscale Structural Regulation through a Roll-to-Roll Processing.

Triboelectric polymers have attracted extensive attention due to their great electron-accepting and electron-donating properties in contact electrification as well as their flexible and low-cost merits and have become promising electrode materials in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, most research has exclusively focused on improving the electron capture capability of the triboelectric layer, neglecting to enhance the electron-donating capability, which leads to a low output performance of TENG and limits its practical application. In this study, we developed a method to fabricate highly tribo-positive Nylon-11 film through roll-to-roll processing.

Pure tone audiogram classification using deep learning techniques.

Objective: Pure tone audiometry has played a critical role in audiology as the initial diagnostic tool, offering vital insights for subsequent analyses. This study aims to develop a robust deep learning framework capable of accurately classifying audiograms across various commonly encountered tasks.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This single-centre retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines.

An activatable fluorescence probe for rapid detection and in situ imaging of β-galactosidase activity in cabbage roots under heavy metal stress.

β-Galactosidase (β-gal), an enzyme related to cell wall degradation, plays an important role in regulating cell wall metabolism and reconstruction. However, activatable fluorescence probes for the detection and imaging of β-gal fluctuations in plants have been less exploited. Herein, we report an activatable fluorescent probe based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), benzothiazole coumarin-bearing β-galactoside (BC-βgal), to achieve distinct in situ imaging of β-gal in plant cells.

[Protective effect of vitrification and controlled slow freezing on immature testicular tissue].

Objective: To explore and compare the current mainstream testicular tissue freezing methods, namely vitrification and controlled slow freezing, and optimize the best testicular tissue freezing methods.

Methods: Testicular tissues of 3-week-old mice and <2-year old prepubertal cynomophage monkeys were collected and cut to 6-26 mm3, and divided into three groups: Fresh group, vitrification group and controlled slow freezing group were resuscitated after 5-7 days of freezing. HE staining, immunofluorescence staining, TUNEL staining and Western blot were used to evaluate the frozen-thawed testicular tissue.

Mood disorders influencing endometriosis and adenomyosis: Mendelian randomisation study.

Background: Many studies have found an association between mood-disorder-related traits and endometriosis and adenomyosis. However, the cause-effect relationship remains unclear.

Aims: We conducted Mendelian randomisation analyses to evaluate any causal relationship between mood disorders and endometriosis as well as different sites of endometriosis.

Designing Universally-Approximating Deep Neural Networks: A First-Order Optimization Approach.

Universal approximation capability, also referred to as universality, is an important property of deep neural networks, endowing them with the potency to accurately represent the underlying target function in learning tasks. In practice, the architecture of deep neural networks largely influences the performance of the models. However, most existing methodologies for designing neural architectures, such as the heuristic manual design or neural architecture search, ignore the universal approximation property, thus losing a potential safeguard about the performance.

Fluorescent Probe for Investigating the Mitochondrial Viscosity and Hydrogen Peroxide Changes in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), a cause of cerebral dysfunction during cerebral infarction treatment, is closely associated with mitochondrial viscosity and hydrogen peroxide (HO). However, the accurate measurement of mitochondrial viscosity and HO levels in CIRI is challenging because of the lack of sufficient selectivity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of existing monitoring tools related to CIRI, hampering the exploration of the role of mitochondrial viscosity and HO in CIRI. To address this issue, we designed an activatable fluorescent probe, mitochondria-targeting styryl-quinolin-ium (), with excellent properties including high selectivity, mitochondrial targeting, and BBB penetration, for the visualization of mitochondrial viscosity and HO in the brain.

Neurotrophin-4 promotes development and maturation of human secondary follicles yielding metaphase II oocytes and successful blastocyst formation.

Study Question: Does a matrix-free culture system supplemented with neurotrophic factor 4 (NT4) improve human follicular development and meiotic maturation, ultimately resulting in fertilizable oocytes?

Summary Answer: NT4 supplementation of culture significantly enhances the growth, steroid hormone production, and maturity potential of human secondary follicles derived from fresh ovarian medulla (from post- and pre-pubertal patients), thereby yielding fertilizable oocytes.

What Is Known Already: Reconstituting folliculogenesis is of paramount importance in the realms of fertility preservation, reproductive biology research, and reproductive toxicity assessments. However, the efficiency of culture systems remains suboptimal, as the attainment of fertilizable oocytes from growth (IVG) of human follicles remains unachieved, with the data being particularly scant regarding follicles from prepubertal girls.