Effects of UV-A irradiation and microbial fermentation on the physicochemical, microstructure and functional properties of okara.

Whole utilization of okara has important economic value, but there are two technical barriers: coarse mouthfeel caused by insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and undesirable "beany" off-odors. UV-A irradiation and/or microbial fermentation were used to modify okara. The results indicated that single and combined treatments increased the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) content.

Effects of industrial-scale pickling processes on the dynamic changes in the physicochemical indicators and microbial diversities of .

The effects of dry-salted and salt-fermented processing on the physicochemical characteristics and microbial communities of were systematically investigated. The results showed that the contents of total acid, amino acid nitrogen (AAN) and nitrite in the final products of dry-salted were greater than those in salt-fermented . Lactic acid was the dominant organic acid in the two types of .

Widely targeted metabolomics and flavoromics reveal the effect of Wickerhamomyces anomalus fermentation on the volatile and nonvolatile metabolites of black garlic juice.

Black garlic has a variety of biological activities, but many consumers cannot accept it because of the garlic odor and the bitter taste. In this study, fermentation with yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus was adopted to improve the flavor of black garlic juice. Although fermentation reduced antioxidant activities, the garlicky odor and bitter taste were weakened.

Use of Transcriptomics to Reveal the Joint Immunotoxicity Mechanism Initiated by Difenoconazole and Chlorothalonil in the Human Jurkat T-Cell Line.

It is very important to evaluate the immunotoxicity and molecular mechanisms of pesticides. In this study, difenoconazole and chlorothalonil were evaluated for immunotoxicity by using the human Jurkat T-cell line, and the EC were 24.66 and 1.

Formation, Evolution, and Antioxidant Activity of Melanoidins in Black Garlic under Different Storage Conditions.

Melanoidins (MLDs) are formed through the reaction of carbonyl compounds and amino compounds in the Maillard reaction (MR) during the heating or storage of food. In this study, the formation, chemical composition, and structural characteristics of black garlic (BG) MLDs stored at different temperatures (4 °C, 20 °C, and 35 °C) over a period of 6 months were investigated. The initial products of the MR formed more often at 4 °C and 20 °C, while higher temperatures (35 °C) promoted the reaction in the middle and late stages of the MR.

Effects of grafting methods and raw materials on the physicochemical properties and biological activities of phenolic acids grafted oat β-glucan.

Phenolic acids are commonly used as food biological preservatives. Grafting phenolic acids onto polysaccharides could effectively enhance their biological activities and environmental stability to varying degrees. However, grafting methods and raw materials could affect the physical properties and biological activities of the phenolic acid-grafted polysaccharides.

Effect of peach gum polysaccharide on the rheological and 3D printing properties of gelatin-based functional gummy candy.

Excellent 3D printing materials must exhibit good extrudability and supportability, but these two characteristics are often contradictory. In this study, peach gum polysaccharide (PGP) was added to gelatin to prepare a 3D-printed functional gummy candy encapsulating curcumin. Rheology tests indicated that adding PGP could effectively improve the apparent viscosity and thermal stability and consequently improve the 3D printability and supportability of the products.

Identification of potential hub genes linked to immune and metabolic alterations in postoperative systemic inflammatory dysregulation.

Background: Postoperative systemic inflammatory dysregulation (PSID) is characterised by strongly interlinked immune and metabolic abnormalities. However, the hub genes responsible for the interconnections between these two systemic alterations remain to be identified.

Methods: We analysed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of individual peripheral blood nucleated cells in patients with PSID (n = 21, CRP > 250 mg/L) and control patients (n = 25, CRP < 75 mg/L) following major abdominal surgery, along with their biological functions.

Directional Activated Exciton Highway via Fractal Electric Field Modulation for Ultrasensitive Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensors.

The electrical vapor sensor based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has attracted wide attention due to its excellent conductivity, stable interfacial structure, and low dimensional quantum effects. However, the conductivity and contact interface activity were still limited by the random distribution of coated CNTs, which led to limited performance. We developed a new strategy to unify the CNT directions with image fractal designing of the electrode system.

Simultaneously enhanced stability and biological activities of chlorogenic acid by covalent grafting with soluble oat β-glucan.

Chlorogenic acid (CA) has a wide range of biological activities but the chemical structure is extremely unstable. In this study, CA was grafted onto a soluble oat β-glucan (OβGH) to improve the stability. Although the crystallinity and thermal stability of CA-OβGH conjugates reduced, the storage stability of CA significantly improved.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis to Investigate the Immunotoxicity Mechanism Triggered by Dimethomorph on Human Jurkat T Cell Lines.

Dimethomorph (DMM) is a broad-spectrum fungicide used globally in agricultural production, but little is known regarding the immunotoxicity of DMM in humans. In this study, the immunotoxicity of DMM on human Jurkat T cells was evaluated in vitro. The results indicated that the half-effective concentration (EC) of DMM for Jurkat cells was 126.

Preparation of garlic stem cellulose nanocrystal/leaf extract/chitosan film for black garlic preservation by electrostatic spraying.

In this study, a novel active chitosan (CH) packaging film that incorporates garlic leaf extract (GL) and stem cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was prepared. The addition of CNC to the CH film increased its tensile strength, hydrophilicity, thermal stability, and water/oxygen barrier and decreased its water contact angle and weight-loss rate, while the addition of GL greatly enhanced its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. SEM and AFM analyses showed that the CNC agglomerates and deposits in the lower layer and the surface roughness of the film was the highest at 1.

Single nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis of the genetic structure of the Min pig conserved population.

Objective: The study aims to uncover the genetic diversity and unique genetic structure of the Min pig conserved population, divide the nucleus conservation population, and construct the molecular pedigree.

Methods: We used KPS Porcine Breeding Chip v1 50K for SNP detection of 94 samples (31♂, 63♀) in the Min pig conserved population from Lanxi breeding Farm.

Results: The polymorphic marker ratio (PN), the observed heterozygosity (Ho), and the expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.

The combined effect of protein hydrolysis and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation on antioxidant activity and metabolomic profiles of quinoa beverage.

Lactic acid bacteria fermentation is a commonly applied technique to produce nutritional, functional, and organoleptic enhanced foods. In the present study, protein hydrolysis and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation were coupled to develop quinoa beverages. Protein hydrolysis effectively promoted the growth and fermentation of L.

The Efficiency of Lemon Essential Oil-Based Nanoemulsions on the Inhibition of sp. and Reduction of Postharvest Decay of Kiwifruit.

Essential oils (EOs) have excellent antibacterial activity and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food preservatives. However, the application of EOs is limited because of their strong volatility and easily oxidized. Encapsulation of EOs into nanoemulsions could effectively prevent oxidative deterioration.

Encapsulation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil to enhance flavor stability and inhibit lipid oxidation of Chinese-style sausage.

Background: Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil (ZBEO) is a popular seasoning, commonly used in the food industry. It contains many easily degraded and highly volatile bioactive substances. Control of the stability of the bioactive substances in ZBEO is therefore very important in the food industry.

Preparation and characterization of feruloylated oat β-glucan with antioxidant activity and colon-targeted delivery.

Ferulic acid (FA) is an effective chemopreventive and therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer. However, FA cannot stably reach the colon through human digestive system, and it can be grafted into oligosaccharides to improve its digestion stability. Therefore, in this study, different degrees of substitution of feruloylated oat β-glucan (FA-OβG) were prepared by grafting FA onto water soluble oat β-glucan.

Whey protein isolate-gum Acacia Maillard conjugates as emulsifiers for nutraceutical emulsions: Impact of glycation methods on physicochemical stability and in vitro bioaccessibility of β-carotene emulsions.

The physicochemical stability and in vitro bioaccessibility of β-carotene emulsions stabilized by the whey protein isolate (WPI)-gum Acacia (GA) conjugates prepared by dry-heating (Con WPI (D)) and ultrasound (Con WPI (U)) Maillard reaction were investigated in this study. The conjugate-stabilized emulsions have a larger mean size than the WPI-stabilized emulsion. The stability of emulsions under freeze-thaw treatment, high ionic strength conditions, thermal treatment and pH conditions near the isoelectric point of WPI were improved by glycation.

Dispersal and mating patterns determine the fate of naturally dispersed populations: evidence from Bombina orientalis.

Background: In contrast to the explosive increase of a population following biological invasion, natural dispersal, i.e., when a population disperses from its original range into a new range, is a passive process that is affected by resources, the environment, and other factors.

Evolutionary history of the oriental fire-bellied toad () in Northeast China.

The evolutionary history of a species is generally affected by the combination of geological events and climate fluctuations. By analyzing the population features, genetic structure and the effective population historical dynamics of existing species, the population evolutionary history can be reestablished. In recent years, geological evidence shows that the Yilan-Yitong fault zone located in Northeast Asia experienced strong and frequent geological changes in the late Quaternary period.