Echinacoside exerts neuroprotection via suppressing microglial α-synuclein/TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis in parkinsonian models.

Background: Echinacoside (ECH), a natural active compound, was found to exert neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain controversial.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the roles of ECH in PD and its engaged mechanisms.