Human embryos harbor complex mosaicism with broad presence of aneuploid cells during early development.

Pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) is used in approximately half of in vitro fertilization cycles. Given the limited understanding of the genetics of human embryos, the current use of PGT-A is based on biologically uncertain assumptions and unvalidated guidelines, leading to the possibility of disposing of embryos with pregnancy potential. We isolated and sequenced all single cells (1133) from in vitro cultured 20 human blastocysts.

Primary specification of blastocyst trophectoderm by scRNA-seq: New insights into embryo implantation.

Mechanisms of implantation such as determination of the attachment pole, fetal-maternal communication, and underlying causes of implantation failure are largely unexplored. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on peri-implantation embryos from both humans and mice to explore trophectoderm (TE) development and embryo-endometrium cross-talk. We found that the transcriptomes of polar and mural TE diverged after embryos hatched from the zona pellucida in both species, with polar TE being more mature than mural TE.

Preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangement based on low-coverage next-generation sequencing accurately discriminates between normal and carrier embryos for patients with translocations.

Research Question: Can preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangement (PGT-SR) based on low-coverage next-generation sequencing (NGS) accurately discriminate between normal and carrier embryos of reciprocal translocation (RecT) and Robertsonian translocation (RobT)?

Design: A total of 109 couples with RecT or RobT were included in this study. The ages, bad obsteric histories (BOH), blood karyotype and IVF cycle information, including the number of cumulus-oocyte complexes, metaphase II oocytes, two pronuclei oocytes and blastocysts were recorded. 0.

Dissecting Human Gonadal Cell Lineage Specification and Sex Determination Using A Single-cell RNA-seq Approach.

Gonadal somatic cells are the main players in gonad development and are important for sex determination and germ cell development. Here, using a time-series single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) strategy, we analyzed fetal germ cells (FGCs) and gonadal somatic cells in human embryos and fetuses. Clustering analysis of testes and ovaries revealed several novel cell subsets, including POU5F1SPARC FGCs and KRT19 somatic cells.

A comprehensive PGT-M strategy for ADPKD patients with de novo PKD1 mutations using affected embryo or gametes as proband.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease characterized by the development of renal cysts and progression to renal failure. Preimplantation genetic testing-monogenic disease (PGT-M) is an alternative option to obtain healthy babies. However, de novo PKD1 mutation of one of the spouses or the absence of a positive family history poses a serious challenge to PGT-M.

Clinical application of an NGS-based method in the preimplantation genetic testing for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Purpose: To determine whether next-generation sequencing (NGS) could be used to directly detect different mutations of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) during preimplantation genetic testing (PGT).

Methods: From Sep. 2016 to Aug.

The methylome of a human polar body reflects that of its sibling oocyte and its aberrance may indicate poor embryo development.

Study Question: Is it possible to evaluate the methylome of individual oocytes to investigate the DNA methylome alterations in metaphase II (MII) oocytes with reduced embryo developmental potential?

Summary Answer: The DNA methylome of each human first polar body (PB1) closely mirrored that of its sibling MII oocyte; hypermethylated long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) and long terminal repeats (LTRs) and methylation aberrations in PB1 promoter regions may indicate poor embryo development.

What Is Known Already: The developmental potential of an embryo is determined by the oocyte's developmental competence, and the PB1 is a good substitute to examine the chromosomal status of the corresponding oocyte. However, DNA methylation, a key epigenetic modification, also regulates gene expression and embryo development.

5-Formylcytosine landscapes of human preimplantation embryos at single-cell resolution.

Epigenetic dynamics, such as DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility, have been extensively explored in human preimplantation embryos. However, the active demethylation process during this crucial period remains largely unexplored. In this study, we use single-cell chemical-labeling-enabled C-to-T conversion sequencing (CLEVER-seq) to quantify the DNA 5-formylcytosine (5fC) levels of human preimplantation embryos.

VAPOR: variance-aware per-pixel optimal resource allocation.

Characterizing the video quality seen by an end-user is a critical component of any video transmission system. In packet-based communication systems, such as wireless channels or the Internet, packet delivery is not guaranteed. Therefore, from the point-of-view of the transmitter, the distortion at the receiver is a random variable.

Rate-distortion optimized hybrid error control for real-time packetized video transmission.

The problem of application-layer error control for real-time video transmission over packet lossy networks is commonly addressed via joint source-channel coding (JSCC), where source coding and forward error correction (FEC) are jointly designed to compensate for packet losses. In this paper, we consider hybrid application-layer error correction consisting of FEC and retransmissions. The study is carried out in an integrated joint source-channel coding (IJSCC) framework, where error resilient source coding, channel coding, and error concealment are jointly considered in order to achieve the best video delivery quality.

[Clinical study on treatment of patients with upper digestive tract malignant tumors of middle and late stage with Ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharides capsule preparation].

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharides (GBEP) capsule preparation in treating upper digestive tract malignant tumors of middle and late stage.

Methods: Eighty-six patients of the upper digestive tract malignant tumors were treated with GBEP capsule preparation taken orally. The clinical symptoms and the qualities of life of the patients with single GBEP and combined with operation, radiotherapy or intervention chemotherapy were observed.

Therapeutic mechanism of ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharides on gastric cancer.

Aim: To study the therapeutic mechanism of Ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharides (GBEP) on gastric cancer.

Methods: Thirty patients with gastric cancer were treated with oral GBEP capsules. The area of tumors was measured by electron gastroscope before and after treatment, then the inhibitory and effective rates were calculated.

Effect of ambient conditions on the antibacterial activity of antibacterial agent based on sodium titanium phosphate.

Objective: To investigate the effects of ambient conditions on the antibacterial activity of inorganic antibacterial agent based on sodium titanium phosphate.

Methods: The number of live E. Coli ATCC 44113 was counted after the suspension was shaken and incubated in flask with antibacterial agent under ambient conditions.