Exercise as a therapeutic approach to alleviate diabetic kidney disease: mechanisms, clinical evidence and potential exercise prescriptions.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a global and severe complication that imposes a significant burden on individual health, families, and society. Currently, the main treatment approaches for DKD include medication, blood glucose control, protein-restricted diet, and blood pressure management, all of which have certain limitations. Exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention, has attracted increasing attention.

What improvements do general exercise training and traditional Chinese exercises have on knee osteoarthritis? A narrative review based on biological mechanisms and clinical efficacy.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a disease that significantly affects the quality of life of patients, with a complex pathophysiology that includes degeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone, synovitis, and associations with mechanical load, inflammation, metabolic factors, hormonal changes, and aging.

Objective: This article aims to comprehensively review the biological mechanisms and clinical effects of general exercise training and traditional Chinese exercises (such as Tai Chi and Qigong) on the treatment of KOA, providing references for the development of clinical exercise prescriptions.

Methods: A systematic search of databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was conducted, reviewing studies including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.

A landmark-supervised registration framework for multi-phase CT images with cross-distillation.

Multi-phase computed tomography (CT) has become a leading modality for identifying hepatic tumors. Nevertheless, the presence of misalignment in the images of different phases poses a challenge in accurately identifying and analyzing the patient's anatomy. Conventional registration methods typically concentrate on either intensity-based features or landmark-based features in isolation, so imposing limitations on the accuracy of the registration process.

Oxidative stress in the brain-lung crosstalk: cellular and molecular perspectives.

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to counteract their harmful effects, playing a key role in the pathogenesis of brain and lung-related diseases. This review comprehensively examines the intricate mechanisms by which oxidative stress influences cellular and molecular pathways, contributing to neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and respiratory disorders. Emphasizing the detrimental effects on both brain and lung health, we discuss innovative diagnostic biomarkers, such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the potential of antioxidant therapies.

Phase Difference Network for Efficient Differentiation of Hepatic Tumors with Multi-Phase CT.

Liver cancer has been one of the top causes of cancer-related death. For developing an accurate treatment strategy and raising the survival rate, the differentiation of liver cancers is essential. Multiphase CT recently acts as the primary examination method for clinical diagnosis.

Effectiveness of the "Internet-Plus"-Based Life-Cycle Management on Pediatric Chronic Diseases.

Background: We aimed to assess the effect of life-cycle management on the satisfaction and health outcomes of children with chronic diseases and their parents, as well as the career benefits of healthcare workers.

Methods: Participants were children with chronic diseases who received long-term treatment at the Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University from January 2021 to November 2022. From the first admission, compare the children's disease onset, satisfaction and professional benefits of medical staff among "Medical and Nursing Integration" + "Internet plus"-based life cycle management group (n = 221, the experimental group), the routine management group (n = 53, the control group 1) and the "Medical and Nursing Integration" group (n = 67, control group 2).

scENT for Revealing Gene Clusters From Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data.

Recently, the fast development of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) techniques has enabled high-resolution transcriptomic statistical analysis of individual cells in heterogeneous tissues, which can help researchers to explore the relationship between genes and human diseases. The emerging scRNA-seq data results in new analysis methods aiming to identify cell-level clustering and annotations. However, there are few methods developed to gain insights into the gene-level clusters with biological significance.

A Fissure-Aided Registration Approach for Automatic Pulmonary Lobe Segmentation Using Deep Learning.

The segmentation of pulmonary lobes is important in clinical assessment, lesion location, and surgical planning. Automatic lobe segmentation is challenging, mainly due to the incomplete fissures or the morphological variation resulting from lung disease. In this work, we propose a learning-based approach that incorporates information from the local fissures, the whole lung, and priori pulmonary anatomy knowledge to separate the lobes robustly and accurately.

Delayed PET imaging using image synthesis network and nonrigid registration without additional CT scan.

Purpose: Attenuation correction is critical for positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction. The standard protocol for obtaining attenuation information in a clinical PET scanner is via coregistered computed tomography (CT) images. Therefore, for delayed PET imaging, the CT scan is repeated twice, which increases the radiation dose for the patient.

Experimental Study on Alleviating Sports Injury through Data Screening of Functional Motor Biological Images.

In order to better reduce sports injury, a method based on functional motion biological image data is proposed. Through performing functional motion screening test on wushu athletes, including 7 items of test, each athlete is given a score according to the test standard. This paper summarizes the mistakes and deficiencies of common movement patterns of athletes and makes different intervention plans to improve the effect of sports injury screening.

A novel supervised learning method to generate CT images for attenuation correction in delayed pet scans.

Background And Objectives: Attenuation correction is important for PET image reconstruction. In clinical PET/CT scans, the attenuation information is usually obtained by CT. However, additional CT scans for delayed PET imaging may increase the risk of cancer.

Non-rigid point cloud registration based lung motion estimation using tangent-plane distance.

Accurate estimation of motion field in respiration-correlated 4DCT images, is a precondition for the analysis of patient-specific breathing dynamics and subsequent image-supported treatment planning. However, the lung motion estimation often suffers from the sliding motion. In this paper, a novel lung motion method based on the non-rigid registration of point clouds is proposed, and the tangent-plane distance is used to represent the distance term, which describes the difference between two point clouds.

DFT investigation on the metabolic mechanisms of theophylline by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase.

Theophylline, one of the most commonly used bronchodilators and respiratory stimulators for the treatment of acute and chronic asthmatic conditions, can cause permanent neurological damage through chronic or excessive ingestion. In this work, DFT calculation was performed to identify the metabolic mechanisms of theophylline by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) monooxygenase. Two main metabolic pathways were investigated, namely, N- (path A) and N- (path B) demethylations, which proceeded through N-methyl hydroxylation followed by the decomposition of the generated carbinolamine species.