Genome-wide association study of myofiber type composition traits in a yellow-feather broiler population.

Meat quality is a key factor determining the economic viability of the broiler industry, particularly in native broiler breeds. Skeletal muscles contain a mixture of muscle fibers, each possessing unique physicochemical properties; the composition of myofiber types within these muscles is closely linked to meat quality. However, comprehension of the regulatory mechanisms governing this trait remains limited.

Invariant contexts reduce response time variability in visual search in an age-specific way: A comparison of children, teenagers, and adults.

Contextual cueing is a phenomenon in which repeatedly encountered arrays of items can enhance the visual search for a target item. This is widely attributed to attentional guidance driven by contextual memory acquired during visual search. Some studies suggest that children may have an immature ability to use contextual cues compared to adults, while others argue that contextual learning capacity is similar across ages.

Age-related contextual cueing features are more evident in reaction variability than in reaction time.

Visual-spatial contextual cueing learning underpins the daily lives of older adults, enabling them to navigate their surroundings, perform daily activities, and maintain cognitive function. While the contextual cueing effect has received increasing attention from researchers, the relationship between this cognitive ability and healthy ageing remains controversial. To investigate whether visual-spatial contextual cueing learning declines with age, we examined the contextual learning patterns of older (60-71 years old) and younger adults (18-26 years old) using a contextual-guided visual search paradigm and response variability measurements.

Post-translational modifications in stress granule and their implications in neurodegenerative diseases.

Stress granules (SGs) arise as formations of mRNAs and proteins in response to translation initiation inhibition during stress. These dynamic compartments adopt a fluidic nature through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), exhibiting a composition subject to constant change within cellular contexts. Research has unveiled an array of post-translational modifications (PTMs) occurring on SG proteins, intricately orchestrating SG dynamics.

Chemical constituents, pharmacological action, antitumor application, and toxicity of Strychnine Semen from Strychnons pierriana A.W.Hill.: A review.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The dried and mature seeds of Strychnons pierriana A.W.Hill.

The interconnection of endoplasmic reticulum and microtubule and its implication in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and microtubule (MT) network form extensive contact with each other and their interconnection plays a pivotal role in ER maintenance and distribution as well as MT stability. The ER participates in a variety of biological processes including protein folding and processing, lipid biosynthesis, and Ca storage. MTs specifically regulate cellular architecture, provide routes for transport of molecules or organelles, and mediate signaling events.

Both Clathrin-Mediated and Membrane Microdomain-Associated Endocytosis Contribute to the Cellular Adaptation to Hyperosmotic Stress in .

As sessile organisms, plants must directly deal with an often complex and adverse environment in which hyperosmotic stress is one of the most serious abiotic factors, challenging cellular physiology and integrity. The plasma membrane (PM) is the hydrophobic barrier between the inside and outside environments of cells and is considered a central compartment in cellular adaptation to diverse stress conditions through dynamic PM remodeling. Endocytosis is a powerful method for rapid remodeling of the PM.

Multiregional profiling of the brain transmembrane proteome uncovers novel regulators of depression.

Transmembrane proteins play vital roles in mediating synaptic transmission, plasticity, and homeostasis in the brain. However, these proteins, especially the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are underrepresented in most large-scale proteomic surveys. Here, we present a new proteomic approach aided by deep learning models for comprehensive profiling of transmembrane protein families in multiple mouse brain regions.

Salience processing by glutamatergic neurons in the ventral pallidum.

Organisms must make sense of a constant stream of sensory inputs from both internal and external sources which compete for attention by determining which ones are salient. The ability to detect and respond appropriately to potentially salient stimuli in the environment is critical to all organisms. However, the neural circuits that process salience are not fully understood.

Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid Gel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator: Next Generation of Ultrastable, Flexible, and Transparent Power Sources for Sustainable Electronics.

Wearable devices have become a research hotspot due to their prospective applications in wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things. However, these technologies demand the generation of new power sources, which are efficient, flexible, sustainable, and stable. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), as a new type of power supply, have been widely studied for environmental energy harvesting and self-powered sensing; however, they have vastly limited stretchability, flexibility, and stability.

Sparse Fourier single-pixel imaging.

Fourier single-pixel imaging is one of the main single-pixel imaging techniques. To improve the imaging efficiency, some of the recent method typically select the low-frequency and discard the high-frequency information to reduce the number of acquired samples. However, sampling only a small amount of low-frequency components will lead to the loss of object details and will reduce the imaging resolution.

Whole-Brain Mapping of Monosynaptic Afferent Inputs to Cortical CRH Neurons.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a critical neuropeptide modulating the mammalian stress response. It is involved in many functional activities within various brain regions, among which there is a subset of CRH neurons occupying a considerable proportion of the cortical GABAergic interneurons. Here, we utilized rabies virus-based monosynaptic retrograde tracing system to map the whole-brain afferent presynaptic partners of the CRH neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).

Reward Inhibits Paraventricular CRH Neurons to Relieve Stress.

Chronic, uncontrollable stress can lead to various pathologies [1-6]. Adaptive behaviors, such as reward consumption, control excessive stress responses and promote positive health outcomes [3, 7-10]. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) represent a key neural population organizing endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress by initiating hormonal cascades along the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and orchestrating stress-related behaviors through direct projections to limbic and autonomic brain centers [11-18].

Average intensity of M × N Gaussian array beams in oceanic turbulence.

Based on the power spectrum of oceanic turbulence proposed by Nikishov, the analytical expressions for average intensity of M×N Gaussian array beams propagating in oceanic turbulence are derived, where the coherent and incoherent combinations are considered. Using the focused beam, the intensity can be received at the same point. The changes of the average intensity versus three oceanic parameters are investigated.

Bisphenol A affects germination and tube growth in Picea meyeri pollen through modulating Ca2+ flux and disturbing actin-dependent vesicular trafficking during cell wall construction.

Bisphenol A (BPA), a widespread pollutant, is reportedly harmful to humans, animals and plants. However, the effect of BPA on plant pollen tube growth, as well as the mechanism involved, remains unclear. Here, we report that BPA significantly inhibited Picea meyeri pollen germination and tube elongation in a dose-dependent manner.

Influence of oceanic turbulence on propagation of a radial Gaussian beam array.

The analytical expression for the root-mean-square (Rms) beam width of the radial Gaussian beam array propagating in oceanic turbulence is derived, where the coherent combination is considered. Meanwhile, the analytical expression for effect of the turbulence on the beam F is also obtained. Giving a comparison of results of F calculated by the analytical expression and the previously integrating one, it can be seen that the two results are in agreement with each other exactly.

The effect of type II collagen on MSC osteogenic differentiation and bone defect repair.

The function of type II collagen in cartilage is well documented and its importance for long bone development has been implicated. However, the involvement of type II collagen in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenesis has not been well investigated. This study elucidated the pivotal role of type II collagen in BMSC osteogenesis and its potential application to bone healing.

Two-wavelength ghost imaging through atmospheric turbulence.

Recent work has indicated that ghost imaging might find useful application in standoff sensing where atmospheric turbulence is a serious problem. There has been theoretical study of ghost imaging in the presence of turbulence. However, most work has addressed signal-wavelength ghost imaging.

Adaptive optical ghost imaging through atmospheric turbulence.

We demonstrate for the first time (to our knowledge) that a high-quality image can still be obtained in atmospheric turbulence by applying adaptive optical ghost imaging (AOGI) system even when conventional ghost imaging system fails to produce an image. The performance of AOGI under different strength of atmospheric turbulence is investigated by simulation. The influence of adaptive optics system with different numbers of adaptive mirror elements on obtained image quality is also studied.

Light filaments with higher-order Kerr effect.

The influence mechanism of higher-order Kerr effect on the propagation of laser beam is investigated by a modified model, which indicates that a collapsing wave will transform into a universe blowup profile. The analysis of higher-order terms of the nonlinear refractive index shows that the filamentation process can be induced by Kerr self-focusing without the occurrence of the ionization effect. The determining role of the combination of self-focusing and spontaneous defocusing and the energy reservoir in formation of lengthy filament is confirmed visually.

Primitive results after medial-pivot knee arthroplasties: a minimum 5-year follow-up study.

Paradoxical anterior movement of the femoral condyles after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) often attenuates the extension mechanism and causes a suboptimal outcome. The medial-pivot implant design aimed to confine anterior movement and emulate physiologic knee kinematics. In our study, a consecutive series of 58 medial-pivot TKA were enrolled with a minimum 5-year follow-up.

Acetabular revision arthroplasty using jumbo cups: an experience in Asia.

Introduction: Variable degrees of bony deficiencies often complicate revisional arthrolasties of acetabular components and represent challenges to orthopedic surgeons. Many solutions exist and cementless jumbo cup reconstruction had been proven to be a feasible and successful method. Our study aimed to access the results of these cementless giant cups for managing acetabular bony defect at one institute.

Interlocking nails for displaced metaphyseal fractures of the distal tibia.

Metaphyseal fractures of the distal tibia near the ankle joint are difficult to manage. Poor soft tissue coverage and comminution of the fracture complicate open reduction. This prospective study aims to evaluate the practicability of using interlocking nails to treat such fractures.

High-order laser guide star performance for the Euro50 telescope.

High-order laser guide star performance for the Euro50 telescope is analyzed. Focus anisoplanatism residual errors using multiple LGSs are obtained by numerical simulations. Results calculated for annual mean conditions at the La Palma site show that, considering only focus anisoplanatism, it will be possible to obtain a Strehl ratio of 0.

Idiopathic spinal epidural lipomatosis.

Spinal epidural lipomatosis is a rare disorder characterized by the pathological overgrowth of epidural fat and often causes extradural compression which may mimic other spinal disorders. Steroid administration is a well-documented etiology. We report a case of spinal epidural lipomastosis without history of steroid administration.