Quantification of intratumoral heterogeneity using habitat-based MRI radiomics to identify HER2-positive, -low and -zero breast cancers: a multicenter study.

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-targeted (HER2) therapy with antibody-drug conjugates has proven effective for patients with HER2-low breast cancer. However, intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) poses a great challenge in identifying HER2-low tumors. ITH signatures were developed by quantifying ITH to differentiate HER2-positive, -low and -zero breast cancers.

Identification of cancer-associated fibrolast subtypes and distinctive role of MFAP5 in CT-detected extramural venous invasion in gastric cancer.

Extramural venous invasion (EMVI) detected by computed tomography has been identified as an independent risk factor for distant metastasis in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical for remodeling the tumor microenvironment in GCs. Here, we report that MFAP5+ CAFs promote the formation of EMVI imaging in GC.

CT assessed morphological features can predict higher mitotic index in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation of the mitotic index (MI) of 1-5 cm gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gGISTs) with CT-identified morphological and first-order radiomics features, incorporating subgroup analysis based on tumor size.

Methods: We enrolled 344 patients across four institutions, each pathologically diagnosed with 1-5 cm gGISTs and undergoing preoperative contrast-enhanced CT scans. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the independent CT morphological high-risk features of MI.

Synthetic CT generation for pelvic cases based on deep learning in multi-center datasets.

Background And Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of synthesizing computed tomography (CT) images from magnetic resonance (MR) images in multi-center datasets using generative adversarial networks (GANs) for rectal cancer MR-only radiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: Conventional T2-weighted MR and CT images were acquired from 90 rectal cancer patients at Peking University People's Hospital and 19 patients in public datasets. This study proposed a new model combining contrastive learning loss and consistency regularization loss to enhance the generalization of model for multi-center pelvic MRI-to-CT synthesis.

PGR-KITLG signaling drives a tumor-mast cell regulatory feedback to modulate apoptosis of breast cancer cells.

The immune microenvironment constructed by tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the molecular phenotype defined by hormone receptors (HRs) have been implicated as decisive factors in the regulation of breast cancer (BC) progression. Here, we found that the infiltration of mast cells (MCs) informed impaired prognoses in HR(+) BC but predicted improved prognoses in HR(-) BC. However, molecular features of MCs in different BC remain unclear.

Semi-supervised auto-segmentation method for pelvic organ-at-risk in magnetic resonance images based on deep-learning.

Background And Purpose: In radiotherapy, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has higher contrast for soft tissues compared to computed tomography (CT) scanning and does not emit radiation. However, manual annotation of the deep learning-based automatic organ-at-risk (OAR) delineation algorithms is expensive, making the collection of large-high-quality annotated datasets a challenge. Therefore, we proposed the low-cost semi-supervised OAR segmentation method using small pelvic MR image annotations.

Prediction of macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma by using MR-based models and their prognostic implications.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of MRI-based radiomics and clinical models in predicting MTM-HCC. Additionally, to investigate the ability of the radiomics model designed for MTM-HCC identification in predicting disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with HCC.

Methods: A total of 336 patients who underwent oncological resection for HCC between June 2007 and March 2021 were included.

Computed tomography-detected extramural venous invasion-related gene signature: a potential negative biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in patients with gastric cancer.

Background: To investigate the association between computed tomography (CT)-detected extramural venous invasion (EMVI)-related genes and immunotherapy resistance and immune escape in patients with gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: Thirteen patients with pathologically proven locally advanced GC who had undergone preoperative abdominal contrast-enhanced CT and radical resection surgery were included in this study. Transcriptome sequencing was multidetector performed on the cancerous tissue obtained during surgery, and EMVI-related genes (P value for association < 0.

Risk stratification for 1- to 2-cm gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: visual assessment of CT and EUS high-risk features versus CT radiomics analysis.

Objectives: To investigate the ability of CT and endoscopic sonography (EUS) in predicting the malignant risk of 1-2-cm gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gGISTs) and to clarify whether radiomics could be applied for risk stratification.

Methods: A total of 151 pathologically confirmed 1-2-cm gGISTs from seven institutions were identified by contrast-enhanced CT scans between January 2010 and March 2021. A detailed description of EUS morphological features was available for 73 gGISTs.

Factors in the occurrence and restoration of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer patients with intraoperative parathyroid autotransplantation.

Introduction: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism (POH) is the most common and important complication for thyroid cancer patients who undergo total thyroidectomy. Intraoperative parathyroid autotransplantation has been demonstrated to be essential in maintaining functional parathyroid tissue, and it has clinical significance in identifying essential factors of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels for patients with parathyroid autotransplantation. This retrospective cohort study aimed to comprehensively investigate influential factors in the occurrence and restoration of POH for patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with intraoperative parathyroid autotransplantation (TTIPA).

Detecting and monitoring tumors in orthotopic colorectal liver metastatic animal models with high-resolution ultrasound.

The ability to noninvasively detect and monitor the growth of orthotopic liver transplantation tumors is critical for replicating advanced colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs) in animal models. We assessed the use of high-resolution ultrasound (HRU) to monitor CRLMs transplanted using various cell concentrations. Sixty BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, and murine colonic CT26 cells were injected into the left liver lobe at concentrations of 1 × 10 (group 1), 1 × 10 (group 2), or 1 × 10 (group 3).

CT-detected extramural venous invasion-related gene signature for the overall survival prediction in patients with gastric cancer.

Background: Computed tomography (CT)-detected extramural venous invasion (EMVI) has been identified as an independent factor that can be used for risk stratification and prediction of prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Overall survival (OS) is identified as the most important prognostic indicator for GC patients. However, the molecular mechanism of EMVI development and its potential relationship with OS in GC are not fully understood.

Radiomics diagnosed histopathological growth pattern in prediction of response and 1-year progression free survival for colorectal liver metastases patients treated with bevacizumab containing chemotherapy.

Objective: To investigate the capability of a radiomics model, which was designed to identify histopathologic growth pattern (HGP) of colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) based on contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (ceMDCT), to predict early response and 1-year progression free survival (PFS) in patients treated with bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy.

Methods: Patients with unresectable CRLMs who were treated with bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy were included in this multicenter retrospective study. For each target lesion, the radiomics-diagnosed HGP (RAD_HGP) of desmoplastic (D) pattern or replacement (R) pattern was determined.

Deep learning-based radiomics predicts response to chemotherapy in colorectal liver metastases.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a deep learning (DL)-based radiomics model to predict the response to chemotherapy in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).

Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 192 patients diagnosed with CRLM who received first-line chemotherapy and were followed by response assessment. Tumor response was identified according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST).

Identification of Predominant Histopathological Growth Patterns of Colorectal Liver Metastasis by Multi-Habitat and Multi-Sequence Based Radiomics Analysis.

Developing an MRI-based radiomics model to effectively and accurately predict the predominant histopathologic growth patterns (HGPs) of colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). In this study, 182 resected and histopathological proven CRLMs of chemotherapy-naive patients from two institutions, including 123 replacement CRLMs and 59 desmoplastic CRLMs, were retrospectively analyzed. Radiomics analysis was performed on two regions of interest (ROI), the tumor zone and the tumor-liver interface (TLI) zone.

Surgical treatment of children Graves' disease with huge goiter-a case report and literature review.

Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children. The surgery treatment for children Graves' disease with huge goiter is high risk and controversial. A 14-year-old girl suffered Graves' disease with huge goiter and failed to the antithyroid drug therapy for nearly 4 years was surgically treated with total thyroidectomy.

Plasma prolactin and breast cancer risk: a meta- analysis.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and its incidence is on a constant rise. Previous studies suggest that higher levels of plasma prolactin are associated with escalated risk of breast cancer, however, these results are contradictory and inconclusive. PubMed and Medline were used to search and identify published observational studies that assessed the relationship between plasma prolactin levels and the risk of breast cancer.

Association between XRCC3 Thr241Met Polymorphism and Risk of Breast Cancer: Meta-Analysis of 23 Case-Control Studies.

Background: Studies have shown that gene and environmental factors, such as BRCA1/2 mutations, ionized radiation, and chemical carcinogens, are related with breast cancer. X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) is involved in homologous repair of double DNA breaks. It was reported that Thr241Met single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in XRCC3 is associated with increased risk of breast cancer.

Systematically identify key genes in inflammatory and non-inflammatory breast cancer.

Although the gene expression in breast tumor stroma, playing a critical role in determining inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) phenotype, has been proved to be significantly different between IBC and non-inflammatory breast cancer (non-IBC), more effort needs to systematically investigate the gene expression profiles between tumor epithelium and stroma and to efficiently uncover the potential molecular networks and critical genes for IBC and non-IBC. Here, we comprehensively analyzed and compared the transcriptional profiles from IBC and non-IBC patients using hierarchical clustering, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database analyses, and identified PDGFRβ, SUMO1, COL1A1, FYN, CAV1, COL5A1 and MMP2 to be the key genes for breast cancer. Interestingly, PDGFRβ was found to be the hub gene in both IBC and non-IBC; SUMO1 and COL1A1 were respectively the key genes for IBC and non-IBC.

Subcellular quantitative proteomic analysis reveals host proteins involved in human cytomegalovirus infection.

Viral replication requires host cell macromolecules and energy, although host cells can alter their protein expression to restrict viral replication. To study the host cell response to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, a stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based subcellular quantitative proteomic study of HCMV-infected human embryo lung fibroblast (HEL) cells was performed, and a total of 247 host proteins were identified as differentially regulated by HCMV. Western blotting and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy were performed to validate the data sets.

High expression of REGγ is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer.

REGgamma (REGγ) has been recently found in several types of human cancer, however, its clinical significance in metastasis and prognosis of breast cancer remains unknown. In this study, immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate REGγ expression in both mouse and human breast cancer specimens. We found that in MMTV-PyMT mice, 14 out of 20 (70%) mouse mammary carcinomas were REGγ positive, which was significantly higher than control (0/20, 0%, P < 0.

REGγ regulates ERα degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in breast cancer.

REGγ is a proteasome coactivator which regulates proteolytic activity in eukaryotic cells. Abundant lines of evidence have showed that REGγ is over expressed in a number of human carcinomas. However, its precise role in the pathogenesis of cancer is still unclear.

Identification of host proteins involved in Japanese encephalitis virus infection by quantitative proteomics analysis.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) enters host cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis and replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells. To study virus-host cell interactions, we performed a SILAC-based quantitative proteomics study of JEV-infected HeLa cells using a subcellular fractionation strategy. We identified 158 host proteins as differentially regulated by JEV (defined as exhibiting a greater than 1.

Role of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in lipid metabolism: analysis based on a phage-display human liver cDNA library.

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a likely mediator of feedback inhibition on the leptin receptor and may cause physiological leptin-resistance, leading to the development of obesity. The aim of this study was to identify potential peptides interacting with purified SOCS3 by using a phage-display human liver cDNA library. We developed a T7 select phage-display system with purified SOCS3 as bait to screen a human liver cDNA library.