Why Pheidippides could not believe in the 'Central Governor Model': Popper's philosophy applied to choose between two exercise physiology theories.

An important epistemological problem has been faced by Exercise Physiologists. On one hand, one theory explains the fatigue through a ceiling effect of oxygen uptake. On the other hand, the new theory proposes that an encephalon mechanism would stop the effort before a catastrophic homeostasis failure.

Different Signatures of High Cardiorespiratory Capacity Revealed With Metabolomic Profiling in Elite Athletes.

Purpose: High cardiorespiratory capacity is a key determinant of human performance and life expectancy; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate biochemical signatures of endurance-performance athletes using high-resolution nontargeted metabolomics.

Methods: Elite long-distance runners with similar training and anthropometrical records were studied.

A Multidimensional Approach to Assessing Anthropometric and Aerobic Fitness Profiles of Elite Brazilian Endurance Athletes and Military Personnel.

Introduction: Military personnel must remain physically active to meet operational requirements. Military physical training not only provides the performance capabilities required for performing occupational tasks but also fosters the development of sport. Thus, Armed Forces across the world have historically invested in developing elite- and Olympic-level athletes.

Acute effect of Ethanol and Taurine on frontal cortex absolute beta power before and after exercise.

Ethanol (ET) is a substance that modulates the Central Nervous System (CNS). Frequently, ET intake occurs combined with energy drinks, which contain taurine (TA), an important amino acid found in the body (i.e brain and muscles).

Acute ethanol and taurine intake affect absolute alpha power in frontal cortex before and after exercise.

Taurine and alcohol has been popularly ingested through energy drinks. Reports from both compounds shows they are active on nervous system but little is known about the acute effect of these substances on the frontal cortex in an exercise approach. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 0,6mldL of ethanol (ET), 6g of taurine (TA), and taurine with ethanol (TA+ET) intake on absolute alpha power (AAP) in the frontal region, before and after exercise.

Effects of Sprint versus High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training on Cross-Country Mountain Biking Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: The current study compared the effects of high-intensity aerobic training (HIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on mountain biking (MTB) race simulation performance and physiological variables, including peak power output (PPO), lactate threshold (LT) and onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA).

Methods: Sixteen mountain bikers (mean ± SD: age 32.1 ± 6.

Carbohydrate mouth rinse enhances time to exhaustion during treadmill exercise.

Mouth rinsing with a CHO solution has been suggested to improve short (<1 h) endurance performance through central effect. We examined the effects of mouth rinsing with a CHO solution on running time to exhaustion on a treadmill. Six well-trained subjects ran to exhaustion at 85% VO , on three separate occasions.

The heritable path of human physical performance: from single polymorphisms to the "next generation".

Human physical performance is a complex multifactorial trait. Historically, environmental factors (e.g.

The effects of bromazepam over the central and frontal areas during a motor task: an EEG study.

The present study investigates the influence of bromazepam while executing a motor task. Specifically, we intend to analyze the changes in alpha absolute power under two experimental conditions, bromazepam and placebo. We also included analyses of theta and beta frequencies.

The influence of levetiracetam in cognitive performance in healthy individuals: neuropsychological, behavioral and electrophysiological approach.

Objective: The present study sought to analyze the influence of Levetiracetam (LEV) in cognitive performance by identifying the changes produced by LEV in reaction time, in neuropsychological assessment of attention and memory and in absolute theta power in frontal activity.

Methods: Twelve healthy subjects (5 men and 7 women; mean age, 30.08 years, standard deviation, 4.

Measurement precision of the anaerobic threshold by means of a portable calorimeter.

Background: Many methods are used for determining the Anaerobic Threshold (AT) by means of sophisticated ergospirometer.

Objective: To test the AT variation, detected by mathematical models and visual inspection, when low cost ergospirometer is used and intended for clinical application.

Methods: Seventy nine apparently healthy subjects were volunteers in this study; from these, 57 men.

Equations for predicting aerobic power (VO(2)) of young Brazilian adults.

Background: VO2 may be predicted with base on anthropometric and physiological parameters for determined populations.

Objective: To propose models for submaximal and maximal VO2 prediction in young Brazilian adults.

Methods: A total of 137 volunteers (92 men) underwent graded maximal exercise test (GXT) in a cycle ergometer (MonarkTM, Br).

Effect of aerobic training on EEG alpha asymmetry and depressive symptoms in the elderly: a 1-year follow-up study.

The effect of physical exercise on the treatment of depressive elderly adults has not been investigated thus far in terms of changes in cortical hemispheric activity. The objective of the present study was to identify changes in depressive symptoms, quality of life, and cortical asymmetry produced by aerobic activity. Elderly subjects with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (DSM-IV) were included.

Exercise and mental health: many reasons to move.

The relationship between physical activity and mental health has been widely investigated, and several hypotheses have been formulated about it. Specifically, during the aging process, physical exercise might represent a potential adjunctive treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment, helping delay the onset of neurodegenerative processes. Even though exercise itself might act as a stressor, it has been demonstrated that it reduces the harmful effects of other stressors when performed at moderate intensities.

Electroencephalographic frontal asymmetry and depressive symptoms in the elderly.

Although neurophysiological changes of aging are well known, there is still much to learn about cortical asymmetry in older depressed subjects. This study aimed at assessing differences between depressed and normal elderly subjects on alpha asymmetry, and to observe the correlations of this measure with depressive symptoms and quality of life. Thirty-six subjects (14 normal and 22 depressed) were assessed by EEG, depression rating scales, and SF-36.

[Maximal workload prediction models in the clinical cardio-pulmonary effort test].

Objective: This study sought to derive generalized equations for predicting maximal workload for young men and women.

Methods: Direct ergospirometry (Aerosport TEEM 100, USA) was used to determine VO2máx and the maximal work load (Wmax) on the cycle ergometer test (Monark,Brazil) of thirty men (25 +/- 5 years, 75.0 +/- 10.

Method for diagnosis and control of aerobic training in rats based on lactate threshold.

We propose a protocol for determination of lactate threshold (LT) and test the validity of one aerobic training based on LT in rats. In group I, V(LTi) (velocity at LT before training) was determined in all rats (n=10), each rat training at its own V(LTi) and in group II, animals (n=7) ran at 15 m min(-1), the mean V(LTi) of group I. The training consisted of daily runs at V(LTi) for 50 min, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks.