Presentation and Outcomes of Histoplasmosis in Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Single-Centre Cohort Study.

Background: Histoplasmosis is an important infection among transplant recipients. Few studies have described its epidemiology and outcomes in the modern era.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using medical records from a single center in the United States.

Working memory as a representational template for reinforcement learning.

Working memory (WM) and reinforcement learning (RL) both influence decision-making, but how they interact to affect behaviour remains unclear. We assessed whether RL is influenced by the format of visual stimuli held in WM, either feature-based or unified, object-based representations. In a pre-registered paradigm, participants learned stimulus-action combinations that provided reward through 80% probabilistic feedback.

Working memory gating in obesity is moderated by striatal dopaminergic gene variants.

Everyday life requires an adaptive balance between distraction-resistant maintenance of information and the flexibility to update this information when needed. These opposing mechanisms are proposed to be balanced through a working memory gating mechanism. Prior research indicates that obesity may elevate the risk of working memory deficits, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

"PrEP a double-edged sword": Integrating implementation science methodology with Photovoice to guide culturally-tailored pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programs for Latino/a and non-Latino/a men who have sex with men in South Florida.

Background: DiversiPrEP is a culturally-tailored PrEP program for LMSM offered in South Florida. DiversiPrEP navigates LMSM through their PrEP journey, including education, deciding if PrEP is relevant for them, payment, and accessing/maintaining PrEP use. DiversiPrEP includes five ERIC strategies (Increase Demand, Promote Adaptability, Alter Client Fees, Intervene with Clients to Enhance Uptake and Adherence, and Tailor Strategies).

What affects implementation of the UK major trauma rehabilitation prescription? A survey informed by the behaviour change wheel.

Objective: Major trauma 'Rehabilitation Prescriptions' aim to facilitate continuity of care and describe patient needs following discharge from UK Major Trauma Centre (MTCs), however research suggests rehabilitation prescriptions are not being implemented as intended. We aimed to identify factors influencing completion and use of rehabilitation prescriptions using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Design: Online survey informed by the TDF and BCW.

Characterizing Sentinel Lymph Node Status in Breast Cancer Patients Using a Deep-Learning Model Compared With Radiologists' Analysis of Grayscale Ultrasound and Lymphosonography.

The objective of the study was to use a deep learning model to differentiate between benign and malignant sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with breast cancer compared to radiologists' assessments.Seventy-nine women with breast cancer were enrolled and underwent lymphosonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examination after subcutaneous injection of ultrasound contrast agent around their tumor to identify SLNs. Google AutoML was used to develop image classification model.

Early vocational rehabilitation and psychological support for trauma patients to improve return to work (the ROWTATE trial): study protocol for an individually randomised controlled multicentre pragmatic trial.

Background: Moderately severe or major trauma (injury severity score (ISS) > 8) is common, often resulting in physical and psychological problems and leading to difficulties in returning to work. Vocational rehabilitation (VR) can improve return to work/education in some injuries (e.g.

A single harmonised pharmacy process to improve clinical trial set-up times.

The UK has fallen from fourth to 10th place in the global ranking for clinical trial activities in the past 6 years. Due to the limited capacity of the clinical trial pharmacy workforce and delays in providing pharmacy approvals, pharmacy has been identified as one of the constraining services that delays the set-up and delivery of clinical trials. To tackle this problem, we developed a single pharmacy review process for multicentre trials across Greater Manchester (GM) and tested its feasibility and implementation in our region.

WheelSimPhysio-2023 dataset: Physiological and questionnaire-based dataset of immersive multisensory wheelchair simulator from 58 participants.

This data paper presents a unique multimodal dataset collected from a comprehensive experiment using a wheelchair training simulator. The dataset consists of quantitative and qualitative data that represents the user's experience and performance. Participants engaged in a series of navigational tasks in a simulated environment under two distinct system configuration conditions: a.

Working memory gating in obesity: Insights from a case-control fMRI study.

Computational models and neurophysiological data propose that a 'gating mechanism' coordinates distractor-resistant maintenance and flexible updating of working memory contents: While maintenance of information is mainly implemented in the prefrontal cortex, updating of information is signaled by phasic increases in dopamine in the striatum. Previous literature demonstrates structural and functional alterations in these brain areas, as well as differential dopamine transmission among individuals with obesity, suggesting potential impairments in these processes. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an observational case-control fMRI study, dividing participants into groups with and without obesity based on their BMI.

Early sea ice decline off East Antarctica at the last glacial-interglacial climate transition.

Antarctic climate warming and atmospheric CO rise during the last deglaciation may be attributed in part to sea ice reduction in the Southern Ocean. Yet, glacial-interglacial Antarctic sea ice dynamics and underlying mechanisms are poorly constrained, as robust sea ice proxy evidence is sparse. Here, we present a molecular biomarker-based sea ice record that resolves the spring/summer sea ice variability off East Antarctica during the past 40 thousand years (ka).

Effects of cholinesterase inhibition on attention and working memory in Lewy body dementias.

Cholinesterase inhibitors are frequently used to treat cognitive symptoms in Lewy body dementias (Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies). However, the selectivity of their effects remains unclear. In a novel rivastigmine withdrawal design, Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies patients were tested twice: once when taking rivastigmine as usual and once when they had missed one dose.

The effects of diet and beauty products on the uptake and storage of C in hair and nails: ramifications for the application of bomb pulse dating to forensic anthropological casework.

Radiocarbon dating is a useful tool in the examination of unknown human remains. Recent studies have shown that the analysis of hair and nail samples can provide a highly accurate estimation of the year of death (YOD). However, little research has examined factors that may influence the uptake and storage of C in these tissues, such as diet, or the use of beauty products.

Healthcare personnel interactive pathogen exposure response system.

Exposure investigations are labor intensive and vulnerable to recall bias. We developed an algorithm to identify healthcare personnel (HCP) interactions from the electronic health record (EHR), and we evaluated its accuracy against conventional exposure investigations. The EHR algorithm identified every known transmission and used ranking to produce a manageable contact list.

Trusted Sources of Information and COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in a Sample of Latinx Sexual and Gender Minorities in South Florida.

Objective: To examine factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in a sample of Latino/a/x sexual and/or gender minority (SGM) individuals in South Florida.

Design: Data were collected via an online survey from March 2021 to August 2022, as part of the Community Engagement Alliance Against COVID-19 Disparities. A multivariate regression analysis was fit using completion of a COVID-19 vaccine regimen as the outcome.

Cult, herding, and 'pilgrimage' in the Late Neolithic of north-west Arabia: Excavations at a mustatil east of AlUla.

Since the 1970s, monumental stone structures now called mustatil have been documented across Saudi Arabia. However, it was not until 2017 that the first intensive and systematic study of this structure type was undertaken, although this study could not determine the precise function of these features. Recent excavations in AlUla have now determined that these structures fulfilled a ritual purpose, with specifically selected elements of both wild and domestic taxa deposited around a betyl.

Self-reported intake of high-fat and high-sugar diet is not associated with cognitive stability and flexibility in healthy men.

Animal studies indicate that a high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFS) can change dopamine signal transmission in the brain, which could promote maladaptive behavior and decision-making. Such diet-induced changes may also explain observed alterations in the dopamine system in human obesity. Genetic variants that modulate dopamine transmission have been proposed to render some individuals more prone to potential effects of HFS.

Mechanisms underlying corruption of working memory in Parkinson's disease.

Working memory (WM) impairments are reported to occur in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigate several putative factors that might drive poor performance, by examining the precision of recall, the order in which items are recalled and whether memories are corrupted by random guessing (attentional lapses).

Natural cycles in South Pacific Gyre strength and the Southern Annular Mode.

The South Pacific Gyre (SPG) plays a vital role in regulating Southern Hemisphere climate and ecosystems. The SPG has been intensifying since the twentieth century due to changes in large scale wind forcing. These changes result from variability in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), causing warming along the eastern SPG which affects local ecosystems.

Geographic Disparities in Availability of Spanish-Language PrEP Services Among Latino Sexual Minority Men in South Florida.

Latino sexual minority men (LSMM) experience barriers in accessing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), such as lack of proximate culturally-appropriate PrEP navigation services. We examined associations between LSMM's immigration status and Spanish-language PrEP service availability. LSMM clinically indicated for PrEP were recruited from October 2018 to August 2019 in South Florida and completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire.

The importance of bone sample selection when using radiocarbon analysis in cases of unidentified human remains.

The radiocarbon (C) analysis of skeletonised human remains can provide vital information regarding the time since death. This study analysed the C content in both cortical and trabecular bone from the femur and rib of 18 human remains donated to the Australian Facility for Taphonomic Experimental Research. To determine the most appropriate bone to sample for C analysis when estimating the time since death, differences in turnover time between the bone types, and the difference between environmental C during the year of death (YOD) and the level of C found within the bone (i.

Variation in Complications and Mortality According to Infant Diagnosis.

Objective: Investigate patterns of infant perioperative mortality, describe the infant diagnoses with the highest mortality burden, and evaluate the association between types of postoperative complications and mortality in infants.

Background: The majority of mortality events in pediatric surgery occur among infants (ie, children <1 y old). However, there is limited data characterizing patterns of infant perioperative mortality and diagnoses that account for the highest proportion of mortality.

Preliminary evidence that caffeine improves attention in multiple sclerosis.

There are no licensed drugs to boost cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we provide preliminary evidence that caffeine can improve attention in people with MS. Participants were tested on three different metrics of attentional functioning [choice reaction times, Stroop performance and a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) task] repeated across four sessions (baseline, one week after caffeine abstention and two sessions on days 8 and 9 where participants were pseudorandomized to receive counterbalanced caffeine or decaffeinated products).

Association between index complication and outcomes after inpatient pediatric surgery.

Purpose: A cascade of complications is believed to be the primary mechanism underlying failure to rescue (FTR), or death of a patient after a postoperative complication. It is unknown whether specific types of index complications are associated with the incidence of secondary complications and FTR after pediatric surgery.

Methods: National cohort study of patients within the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database who underwent inpatient surgery (2012-2019).