Probability and severity of climate change threats to natural world heritage sites vary across site specifics and over time.

This study contributes a first comparison of current and potential threats to Natural World Heritage Sites from climate change, as assessed by experts, when site and location characteristics (size, year of inscription to the World Heritage list, continent, climate zone and kind of site) are controlled for. The probability of a threat as well as its intensity is analysed. Another novelty lies in the use of data from the IUCN Conservation Outlook Assessment, covering all 245 Natural and Mixed World Heritage Sites across the world for three points in time: 2014, 2017 and 2020.

Condensed Matter Systems Exposed to Radiation: Multiscale Theory, Simulations, and Experiment.

This roadmap reviews the new, highly interdisciplinary research field studying the behavior of condensed matter systems exposed to radiation. The Review highlights several recent advances in the field and provides a roadmap for the development of the field over the next decade. Condensed matter systems exposed to radiation can be inorganic, organic, or biological, finite or infinite, composed of different molecular species or materials, exist in different phases, and operate under different thermodynamic conditions.

A threat to the natural World Heritage site rarely happens alone.

This study contributes an empirical investigation of the likelihood that different external threats to a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site occur in combination with each other when site characteristics and location are controlled for. For the purpose of the analysis, the World Heritage database and the UNESCO State of Conservation Reports are used and the nine most frequently appearing external threats are identified. These databases include 6852 site-year observations and 3316 threats over the period 1979-2023.

Crafting impactful papers: Expectations and recommendations for Business and management articles.

This paper introduces Business and Management Section, established in 2023 as a platform committed to maintaining rigorous ethical and scientific publishing standards within the field. Prioritizing scientific correctness and technical soundness over mere novelty, it encompasses a wide range of research domains, encouraging contributions from scholars across diverse backgrounds. Within this guide, we provide insights into the process of preparing effective papers and offer constructive guidelines for the reviewing process.

Contrastive learning through non-equilibrium memory.

Learning algorithms based on backpropagation have enabled transformative technological advances but alternatives based on local energy-based rules offer benefits in terms of biological plausibility and decentralized training. A broad class of such local learning rules involve \textit{contrasting} a clamped configuration with the free, spontaneous behavior of the system. However, comparisons of clamped and free configurations require explicit memory or switching between Hebbian and anti-Hebbian modes.

Cell-type specific anti-cancerous effects of nitro-oleic acid and its combination with gamma irradiation.

Nitro-fatty acids (NFAs) are endogenous lipid mediators capable of post-translational modifications of selected regulatory proteins. Here, we investigated the anti-cancerous effects of nitro-oleic acid (NOOA) and its combination with gamma irradiation on different cancer cell lines. The effects of NOOA on cell death, cell cycle distribution, or expression of p21 and cyclin D1 proteins were analyzed in cancer (A-549, HT-29 and FaDu) or normal cell lines (HGF, HFF-1).

Learning to learn by using nonequilibrium training protocols for adaptable materials.

Evolution in time-varying environments naturally leads to adaptable biological systems that can easily switch functionalities. Advances in the synthesis of environmentally responsive materials therefore open up the possibility of creating a wide range of synthetic materials which can also be trained for adaptability. We consider high-dimensional inverse problems for materials where any particular functionality can be realized by numerous equivalent choices of design parameters.

Epithelial tissue confinement inhibits cell growth and leads to volume-reducing divisions.

Cell proliferation is a central process in tissue development, homeostasis, and disease, yet how proliferation is regulated in the tissue context remains poorly understood. Here, we introduce a quantitative framework to elucidate how tissue growth dynamics regulate cell proliferation. Using MDCK epithelial monolayers, we show that a limiting rate of tissue expansion creates confinement that suppresses cell growth; however, this confinement does not directly affect the cell cycle.

A Visual Environment for Data Driven Protein Modeling and Validation.

In structural biology, validation and verification of new atomic models are crucial and necessary steps which limit the production of reliable molecular models for publications and databases. An atomic model is the result of meticulous modeling and matching and is evaluated using a variety of metrics that provide clues to improve and refine the model so it fits our understanding of molecules and physical constraints. In cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) the validation is also part of an iterative modeling process in which there is a need to judge the quality of the model during the creation phase.

Completing the view - histologic insights from circular AAA specimen including 3D imaging : A methodologic approach towards histologic analysis of circumferential AAA samples.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a pathologic enlargement of the infrarenal aorta with an associated risk of rupture. However, the responsible mechanisms are only partially understood. Based on murine and human samples, a heterogeneous distribution of characteristic pathologic features across the aneurysm circumference is expected.

Advanced image-free analysis of the nano-organization of chromatin and other biomolecules by Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM).

The cell as a system of many components, governed by the laws of physics and chemistry drives molecular functions having an impact on the spatial organization of these systems and vice versa. Since the relationship between structure and function is an almost universal rule not only in biology, appropriate methods are required to parameterize the relationship between the structure and function of biomolecules and their networks, the mechanisms of the processes in which they are involved, and the mechanisms of regulation of these processes. Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), which we focus on here, offers a significant advantage for the quantitative parametrization of molecular organization: it provides matrices of coordinates of fluorescently labeled biomolecules that can be directly subjected to advanced mathematical analytical procedures without the need for laborious and sometimes misleading image processing.

Reverse adoption of information and communication technology among organisers of academic conferences.

This study examines the formats offered for academic conferences in the mature stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two out of three organisers discontinue their usage of online video tools and focus on in-person conferences. Only one out of five conferences offers hybrid solutions and even fewer a virtual alternative (13%).

Spatial-Temporal Genome Regulation in Stress-Response and Cell-Fate Change.

Complex functioning of the genome in the cell nucleus is controlled at different levels: (a) the DNA base sequence containing all relevant inherited information; (b) epigenetic pathways consisting of protein interactions and feedback loops; (c) the genome architecture and organization activating or suppressing genetic interactions between different parts of the genome. Most research so far has shed light on the puzzle pieces at these levels. This article, however, attempts an integrative approach to genome expression regulation incorporating these different layers.

Threat Perception and Adaptive Capacity of Natural World Heritage Site Management.

This study offers new insights into the largest threats to natural and mixed World Heritage sites in developed countries as considered by their management. In addition to this, the capacity of the management to deal with threats is examined. An Ordered Probit model is used that distinguishes three groups of threats and four categories of adaptive capacity of the management.

Importance of temporary and permanent snow for new second homes.

This study investigates empirically how natural snow depth and permanent snow affect the number of new second homes in Norway. One out of four Norwegian municipalities is partly covered by glaciers and permanent snow. In the winter seasons of 1983-2020, there is a decline in snow depth from 50 to 35 cm on average (based on 41 popular second-home areas in the mountains).

3D-printed machines that manipulate microscopic objects using capillary forces.

Objects that deform a liquid interface are subject to capillary forces, which can be harnessed to assemble the objects. Once assembled, such structures are generally static. Here we dynamically modulate these forces to move objects in programmable two-dimensional patterns.

Administration of nitro-oleic acid mitigates radiation-induced hematopoietic injury in mice.

Aims: Limited number of agents that provide protection against hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome led us to the evaluation of nitro-oleic acid (NOOA) as a potential protector/mitigator against radiation-induced hematopoietic injury in C57/BL6 mice.

Materials And Methods: NOOA was administered before and after sub-lethal total body irradiation (TBI) and hematological parameters were evaluated 3 or 7 days after TBI.

Key Findings: Our results show that NOOA significantly increase bone marrow cellularity including the granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells and erythroid progenitors on the 3rd day after TBI.

Digital indicators of interest in natural world heritage sites.

Due to their remoteness or boundless nature, activities at Natural Heritage Sites are difficult to monitor. In this study, two digital measures of the interest in Natural Word Heritage Sites are compared: one ex ante based on the number of Wikipedia page views of the site and another ex post derived from actual visitation as measured by the number of Instagram posts. The entire UNESCO database, which includes 248 Natural World Heritage Sites is linked to the 2.

Domestic tourism demand in the North and the South of Europe in the Covid-19 summer of 2020.

This study investigates empirically changes in domestic summer tourism demand following the Covid-19 pandemic in 305 regions across six European countries (Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Spain and Sweden) based on official data. Five different groups of NUTS 3 regions are identified in accordance with a typology suggested by the OECD where density and connectivity are aspects of importance. Dynamic panel data estimations show that large metropolitan regions experience strong decreases in demand (approximately 30 per cent) both in July and August 2020.

Spatial influence on the distribution of downhill skiers in Sweden.

This study investigates empirically how natural snow depth affects the number of downhill skiers. Data include the number of skier visits for the 32 largest ski resorts in Sweden from the 1998/1999 to the 2018/2019 seasons. Results of spatial dynamic estimations show that an increase in natural snow depth in the ski area has a significant negative impact on the number of skier visits in the short term, although the magnitude is small.

Incorporation of Low Concentrations of Gold Nanoparticles: Complex Effects on Radiation Response and Fate of Cancer Cells.

: In oncology research, a long-standing discussion exists about pros and cons of metal nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy and real mechanisms behind the tumor cell response to irradiation (IR) in presence of gold nanoparticles (GNPs). A better understanding of this response is, however, necessary to develop more efficient and safety nanoparticle (NP) types designed to disturb specific processes in tumor cells. : We combined 3D confocal microscopy and super-resolution single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to analyze, at the multiscale, the early and late effects of 10 nm-GNPs on DNA double strand break (DSB) induction and repair in tumor cells exposed to different doses of photonic low-LET (linear energy transfer) radiation.

DeepFoci: Deep learning-based algorithm for fast automatic analysis of DNA double-strand break ionizing radiation-induced foci.

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), marked by ionizing radiation-induced (repair) foci (IRIFs), are the most serious DNA lesions and are dangerous to human health. IRIF quantification based on confocal microscopy represents the most sensitive and gold-standard method in radiation biodosimetry and allows research on DSB induction and repair at the molecular and single-cell levels. In this study, we introduce DeepFoci - a deep learning-based fully automatic method for IRIF counting and morphometric analysis.

Topological Analysis of γH2AX and MRE11 Clusters Detected by Localization Microscopy during X-ray-Induced DNA Double-Strand Break Repair.

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), known as the most severe damage in chromatin, were induced in breast cancer cells and normal skin fibroblasts by 2 Gy ionizing photon radiation. In response to DSB induction, phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX to γH2AX was observed in the form of foci visualized by specific antibodies. By means of super-resolution single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), it has been recently shown in a first article about these data that these foci can be separated into clusters of about the same size (diameter ~400 nm).